The Renaissance
The Renaissance began in this Italian City-State.
This Europe state focused more on allegiance to local city-states rather than a single unified state.
What is Italy.
This invention in 1456 allowed for the spread of literacy among laypeople.
What is the printing press.
According to Martin Luther, salvation can only be achieved through this
What is 'faith'.
The Holy Roman Emperor that tried to stop the Lutheran revolt.
Who is Charles V.
The study of Latin classics for moral education and insight into human nature.
What is Humanism.
The civil war in England from 1455-1471.
What is the War of the Roses.
Disenfranchised common people in Italian cities.
Who were the Popolo.
This Protestant leader supported the idea of "predestination"
Who is John Calvin.
Religious moderates in France.
Who are the Politiques.
In The Prince, this Italian humanist wrote about the qualities a leader needs to have in order to maintain power and control.
Who is Machiavelli.
This state was responsible for attacks on conversos, or, "New Christians".
What is Spain.
The combination of rural nobility and merchant elites created this new social class.
What is the Urban Nobility.
The most influential religious order of the Counter Reformation.
Who are the Jesuits.
Warfare changed drastically during the 16th century. Name ONE example of change.
What is: larger armies, advanced weaponry, and the end of "chivalry"
This political strategy involved financially supporting artists and writers.
What is Patronage.
The Judicial offshoot of Henry VII's royal council.
What is the Court of Star Chamber.
Insecurity created by the religious wars contributed to increased accusations of this
What is witchcraft.
This council met to correct abuses within the Catholic Church.
What is the Council of Trent.
This granted liberty of conscience and public worship to Huguenots.
What is the Edict of Nantes.
Renaissance humanists who interpreted Italian ideas about classical antiquity and humanism in terms of their own religious traditions.
Who are Christian Humanists.
Treaty signed by both Francis I and Pope Leo X that gave French kings control of church policies across France.
What is the Concordat of Bologna.
Martin Luther refused to endorse this attempt to alter German social and political structure.
What were the German Peasant Revolts (1525).
This monarch initiated the Protestant Reformation in England.
Who is Henry VIII.
King Henry IV of Navarre converted to this religion to maintain peace within France.
What is Catholicism.