Causes/Trenches
What year did WW1 start or end?
1914-1918
What was significant about the Battle of Somme?
Allies learnt to carefully plan and change “over the top” strategy
What does the word "homefront" mean?
Home front is the place civilians (people not fighting in war) are living while their soldiers fight over seas
What does the word "enemy alien" mean?
People from countries, or with roots in countries, that were at war with Canada.
Why did WW1 end?
Germany and its allies were exhausted
War was unpopular among all the countries involved
High death toll (too many people dying)
Not enough soldiers
War is expensive
Why did Canada join WW1?
Canada was part of the British Empire. If Britain went to war, we had to as well
In which battle did Canadian Commander Arthur Currie made sure soldiers were prepared by giving them maps and photographs?
Battle of Vimy Ridge
What is propaganda and what is its goal?
- Information used to promote a particular point of view.
- The goal of propaganda is to make the viewer feel strong emotions so they take action and do what they are asked
During WW1, which nationalities might have been considered to be “enemy aliens” in Canada?
When the war began, many of the people from Germany or Austria-Hungary became “enemy aliens”
What was the problems with the Paris Peace Conference?
Representatives from over 30 victorious countries were present but the “Big Four” ran the show:
Woodrow Wilson, President of the U.S.
Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Britain
Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Prime Minister of Italy
- Germany was not included in the discussions, forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
What does "Over the Top" Mean?
A soldier is storming (running) out of the trench
What was significant about the Battle of Second Ypres?
Germans used chlorine gas for the first time
French soldiers were unprotected, panicked and fled
Canadians move in to replace injured and fleeing French soldiers
Canadian soldiers use urine soaked rags to protect their lungs from chlorine gas
How did WW1 impact Canadian women?
- Got to work because men were overseas
- Got the right to vote
What is conscription and who did it affect?
Conscription is the mandatory enlistment for the armed forces
Conscription didn’t mean that a person would go to war immediately, it meant they would be on a list of people who would be called on to join the war effort if needed
all male citizens aged 20 to 45 subject to conscription for military service
What is prohibition and why did many people support it?
- Prohibition was a ban (not allowed to use by law) on the production, import, and transportation of alcohol by law.
- Prohibition was made part of the war effort because the ingredients used for making alcohol were needed to feed the troops + people thought alcohol was to blame for bad behaviour and destroying lives
What were some problems soldiers faced in the trenches (at least 5)?
- Rats
- Lice
- Mud
- Trench Foot
- No sleep
- No food
No pictures of the Battle of Passchendaele were released to the public until after the war, why?
Terrible conditions showed the reality of war
How was propaganda used during WW1 on the homefront (3)?
- Pay for the war (buying victory bonds)
- Feeding the troops (preserving food)
- Get women to help the war effort
What is the name of the Act that gave the Canadian government the right to label people as enemy aliens and restrict their rights?
War Measures Act
What contributed to the boom in the economy of Canada during the 1920s (3)?
Profit from wheat, minerals, and wood pulp export (especially Alberta)
Used hydroelectricity for cheap power
American investment
List and explain the 4 underlying and 1 immediate cause of WW1
Underlying:
1. Militarism: Countries saw other countries making their army stronger, and they began making their army stronger too
2. Alliances: a friendly pact (agreement) between two or more countries
3. Imperialism: when a country expands and takes over another country to become more powerful
4. Nationalism: the feeling of pride, love, and dedication for your country
Immediate:
The spark that started the war was the assassination of the heir to the Austrian Empire Archduke Franz Ferdinand. When Serbia refused to agree to the terms set by the Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary declared war
List the name and location of each of the 4 main battles Canada was involved in.
- Second Battle of Ypres:Ypres, Belgium
- Battle of Somme: Somme, France
- Battle of Vimy Ridge: Vimy, France
- Battle of Passchendaele: Passchendaele, Belgium
List and explain the 7 propaganda techniques we learnt in class
Draws on emotions of fear, guilt, hate, national pride etc.
Symbols or specific images enhance the message (something that represents an idea)
Exaggeration (i.e. I’m so hungry I can eat a horse)
Stereotypes
Bandwagon: Appealing to conformity (everyone is doing it, so should you)
Testimonial: Endorsement by a popular figure (a famous person is saying "I do this, so should you"); sponsorship
Use of "Plain folks", appealing to the everyday person (not anyone famous)
Name the different perspectives we looked at in class and explain if they would support or oppose conscription (5)
- Canadian mothers: Support
- British Canadians: Support
- French Canadians: Oppose
- Indigenous Peoples: Oppose
- Canadian farmers: Oppose
List and explain the 5 main terms of The Treaty of Versailles
- Germany had to take all the blame for causing the war
- Germany had to pay money
- Germany’s army was gutted
- The Rhineland was left unguarded
- Germany lost territory