Cell structure and function
What is the function of the mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?
To produce ATP through cellular respiration
What is the monomer of proteins?
Animo acids
What is the CNS composed of?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
To regulate the body functions through the release of hormones
what are the 3 flavours of neapolitan ice cream
Chocolate, vanilla, strawberry
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
They act as biological catalysts, speeding up reactions by lowering activation energy.
3 types of neurons
Sensory, motor, relay (inter)
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic hormones and what can they pass through?
Hydrophilic- water soluble hormones. Cannot pass though cell membrane without assistance
Hydrophobic- fat-soluble hormones. Need companion to travel through blood but can pass through the membrane themselves
What is the name of the slinky dog in Toy Story?
Slinky
What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER has ribosomes and synthesises proteins.
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesises lipids
Compare the composition of saturated and unsaturated fats
both: made of C, H and O.
saturated: one single bond between carbons. Straight and stack on one another. solids
unsaturated: carbon-carbon double bond. Kink in the chain caused by the double bond. Do not form solids
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
insulate the axon to increase transmission speed
Receptors are best described as...
What does SPF stand for?
Sun protection factor
Explain what would happen if ribosomes failed to work
Ribosomes are involved with protein assembly. Without ribosomes, cells would not be able to assemble the proteins required for communication, structural support, transport, storage and immune responses.
Why do complex chemical reactions need multiple enzymes.
Enzymes are specialised in the substrate they interact with, therefore, complex reactions require multiple steps and would need multiple enzymes
Which one of the following statements is correct in relation to transferring signals between neurons?
A - The presynaptic neuron is the neuron sending the signal across the synapse.
B- The postsynaptic neuron is the neuron sending the signal across the synapse.
C -The presynaptic neuron is the neuron sending the signal across the terminal.
D -The postsynaptic neuron is the neuron sending the signal across the terminal.
A
Downregulation of insulin receptors is a contributor to insulin resistance, often resulting in type 2 diabetes. You would expect that compared to a normal functioning cell that a diabetics’ cells would have:
a dampened cellular response to insulin
What is the term for a word or phrase that is spelled the same forwards and backwards?
A palindrome.
Explain why prokaryotic cells are unlikely to differentiate and become specialised in the same way as eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells do not have organelles. Therefore, the structure of the cell cannot be altered in the same way as a eukaryotic cell, where the number and type of organelles can be changed
Explain primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structures.
Primary - sequence of AA's
Secondary - bonds between AA groups
Tertiary - bonds between R groups
Quaternary- many tertiary structures together
Explain resting and action potential
resting potential is an axon at rest with a slightly positive charge on the inside and very positive on the outside. Action potential is when an impulse has been triggered and causes the axon to be very positive and allows message to be transmitted.
Identify and explain 3 organelles that would be most active in a cell that is producing and transporting high levels of the reproductive steroid hormone progesterone.
Smooth ER - lipid and steroid synthesis
Mitochondria -energy required to fuel the production of the hormone
Golgi Apparatus - packages and transported around the cell to where they are needed.
What is the number 1 travel destination I want to visit?
Egypt