Observations Inferences, Variables
An observation is information you receive from your 5 senses that you know to be true. An inference is a conclusion based on known facts or observations.
What are the 6 steps to the Scientific Method?
Question
Research
Hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze data
Conclude
What are the three types of systems?
1. Open System
2. Closed System
3. Isolated System
Define conduction, convection, and radiation
Conduction: Particles transfer energy to other particles by contact with the particles.
Convection: The transfer of thermal energy by the motion of a fluid (air or liquid) in the form of currents.
Radiation: Radiation is energy that moves in waves or particles.
What are the 5 types of energy?
Mechanical, Electromagnetic, Electrical, Chemical and Thermal
Is this statement an observation or an inference?
Ms. Stolz has a tan mug with coffee in it
The first part "Ms. Stolz has a tan mug" is an observation. The second part "with coffee in it" is an inference
What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess as to what might be the answer to your question
Define each of the tree systems
1. Open system: Can let heat and matter in and out (like a boiling pot with no lid)
2. Closed system: Can let heat in and out, but not matter (like a sealed jar)
3. Isolated system: Can’t let heat or matter in or out (like a thermos bottle).
Provide an example of conduction, convection and radiation.
conduction ex: penguins huddling together to stay warm in the Artic
convection ex: a radiator heating your home
radiation ex: the sun radiating heat to us on earth
Define each of the 5 types of energies
Mechanical: Energy due to an object’s motion (kinetic) or position (potential).
Electromagnetic: Light energy. Includes energy from gamma rays, xrays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio bands
Electrical: Energy caused by the movement of electrons
Chemical: Energy that is available for release from chemical reactions.
Thermal: Heat energy. The heat energy of an object determines how active its atoms are.
What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable?
The independent variable is something you can change, while the dependent variable is effected by the change you made.
We can analyze data by looking at graphs. What are the 3 main types of graphs used in science?
Bar graph, Line graph, Pie chart
What is Thermodynamics?
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with heat, work, temperature, and energy.
During convection, warm molecules ___________, cool at the surface, and then _________ to the bottom.
During convection, warm molecules _RISE_, cool at the surface, and then _SINK__ to the bottom.
Provide an example of each of the 5 types of energies.
Mechanical: A bowling ball when the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy is transferred to the pins!
Electromagnetic: Microwave
Electrical: Powerlines
Chemical: A battery
Thermal: The sun
Make 1 observation about this classroom. Make 1 inference about this classroom.
Observation ex: There are Christmas jellys on the door window
Inference ex: Students are wearing coats, so it must be very cold outside
What is quantitive data? What is qualitative data?
Quantitive data is numbers. Qualitative data is data that describes what you are observing through the 5 senses.
What is heat?
Heat is the MOVEMENT of energy from one system to another.
Provide an example of a type of wave that is present during radiation
ex: radiowaves (radio)
Electrical energy is transported to your house through power lines.
When you plug an electric fan to a power outlet, electrical energy is transform into what type of energy?
MECHANICAL ENERGY
What is the independent and dependent variables in this experiment?
Cinnamon got sick over Thanksgiving break and has lost some weight :( To help her recover some of the lost weight, I have decided to change the amount of food I feed her. I continue to feed her the same type of food.
Independent variable: The amount of food I feed her
Dependent variable: How much weight Cinnamon gains
Provide an example of quantitative and qualitative data about Ms. Stolz's mug
quantitative ex: the mug has 1 straw
qualitative ex: the mug has a brown smudge on the front
What causes heat?
Heat is caused by the increase in the kinetic energy of a system. The faster the molecules are moving, the higher the temperature.
How is a boiling pot of water an example of conduction, convection, and radiation?
conduction: thermal energy moves through the metal to the water
convection: thermal energy moves through the water
radiation: heat leaves the kettle and transfered to the soruoundings
What is an example of a conversion from CHEMICAL energy to THERMAL energy?
ex: Burning wood in a fireplace used to heat a home, Burning gasoline in a car engine, Lighting a match