Sibject raising
It turned out that Tom had forgotten to bring the tickets.
Tom ________________________ to bring the tickets.
turned out to have forgotten (because past)
I’m sure that David would have helped us move if we’d asked.
David is sure ________________________ if we’d asked
is sure to have helped us move
sure +to+ have +ved/3rd
It was the first time I ____________________ (travel) abroad on my own.
had travelled
because the travelling happened before we spoke about it, So tarvelling happened before the moment being described in the past (it was the first/last time
It appears that they are selling their house.
They appear ________________________ their house.
appear to be selling (because present cont)
We are likely to travel abroad this winter instead of staying here.
It’s likely that ________________________ abroad this winter instead of staying here.
we will travel
By the time you get home, I ____________________ (finish) all the cooking.
will have finished
Does it seem like someone has already cleaned the kitchen?
Does someone seem ________________________ the kitchen?
seem to have cleaned (because past)
It is certain that most cars will be electric within ten years.
Most cars are ________________________ electric within ten years.
are certain to be
We ____________________ (live) in this city for over a decade next spring.
will have been living
It happened that Maria was chosen to lead the new project.
Maria happened ________________________ the new project.
happened to have been chosen to lead (past + passive)
The company is highly likely to have informed staff about the new policy.
It is highly likely that ________________________ about the new policy by the company.
staff were informed ( we use this grammar to sound more natural and shorten the speech)
it is possible to say It is highly likely that The company have informed staff about the new policy by the company. However it reduces all sense in using this grammar because our sentence became even longer than initial one. Makes no sense in such grammar then
A: ____________________ (you/do) much reading lately?
B: Not really, I’ve been too busy.
Have you been doing - because we usually use perfect cont when we have recently or lately
The witnesses were highly unlikely to have seen the accident clearly.
It ________________________ that the witnesses ______ the accident clearly.
was highly unlikely that the witnesses had seen
My parents are sure to invite everyone to the barbecue.
I’m sure that my parents ________________________ everyone to the barbecue.
will invite
He doesn’t seem ____________________ (sleep) properly recently; he looks exhausted.
to have been sleeping / to be sleeping depend on what you wanna focus on more