Origin of Cities
Who coined the term “Urban Revolution”?
A. Lewis Mumford B. V. Gordon Childe C. Charles Cooley D. Karl Marx
B. V. Gordon Childe
Urbanization primarily refers to:
A. The demographic shift from dispersed rural settlements to concentrated non-agricultural centers of activity
B. The spatial redistribution of population within agrarian regions to enhance agricultural productivity
C. The expansion of rural market centers leading to semi-urban settlement formation
D. The transformation of industrial towns into specialized economic hubs without population growth
A. The demographic shift from dispersed rural settlements to concentrated non-agricultural centers of activity
Ecology primarily studies:
A. The structural organization of social institutions across regional scales
B. The interrelationship between organisms and their physical environment
C. The demographic variation of species within a spatial hierarchy
D. The spatial diffusion of cultural and technological traits
B. The interrelationship between organisms and their physical environment
The principal contributor to the development of Human Ecology theory is:
A. Robert E. Park B. Lewis Mumford C. Ernest Burgess D. Homer Hoyt
A. Robert E. Park
The Concentric Zone Theory was proposed by:
A. E. W. Burgess B. Homer Hoyt C. Robert Park D. C. D. Harris
A. E. W. Burgess
According to V. Gordon Childe, which of the following is NOT one of his ten criteria for the development of urban civilization?
A. Emergence of full-time craft specialists
B. Development of political organization based on residence
C. Expansion of long-distance trade
D. Growth of full-time agricultural laborers
D. Growth of full-time agricultural laborers
In demographic terms, urbanization refers to:
A. An absolute increase in the number of people residing within recognized urban boundaries
B. A relative rise in the proportion of a population living in urban areas compared to rural areas
C. The spatial expansion of urbanized land resulting from industrial and residential growth
D. The concentration of economic functions and administrative services within metropolitan zones
B. A relative rise in the proportion of a population living in urban areas compared to rural areas
Which of the following represents a biotic component in an urban ecosystem?
A. Precipitation patterns B. Producers and consumers C. Mineral composition of soil D. Sunlight intensity
B. Producers and consumers
In Park’s theory, symbiosis denotes:
A. The antagonistic coexistence between competing social groups
B. The mutual interdependence among diverse community members
C. The domination of stronger species within a biotic environment
D. The hierarchical structuring of human institutions by class
B. The mutual interdependence among diverse community members
The Transition Zone in Burgess’s model is characterized by:
A. Affluent residential clusters and recreational amenities
B. Industrial establishments and deteriorating housing near the CBD
C. Suburban districts with low density and high commuting rates
D. Politically administered civic institutions and offices
B. Industrial establishments and deteriorating housing near the CBD
Lewis Mumford viewed the city primarily as a:
A. Site of power and wealth B. Receptacle of civilization C. Result of transportation D. Military settlement
B. Receptacle of civilization
Which of the following is NOT considered a major driving force of urbanization?
A. Industrial expansion creating employment opportunities in non-agricultural sectors
B. Growth of commercial exchange and trade networks fostering regional connectivity
C. Progressive modernization of technology, infrastructure, and social institutions
D. Geographic isolation limiting interaction, mobility, and economic integration
D. Geographic isolation limiting interaction, mobility, and economic integration
The “ecology of cities” approach emphasizes:
A. The study of organisms residing within specific urban micro-habitats
B. The functional mapping of urban land-use and zoning patterns
C. The integrated interaction between human settlements and global ecological systems
D. The classification of vegetation types adapted to built environments
C. The integrated interaction between human settlements and global ecological systems
According to Park, a human community operates on two principal levels:
A. Economic and Cultural B. Biotic and Cultural C. Political and Moral D. Structural and Psychological
B. Biotic and Cultural
The Sector Model (1939) introduced by Homer Hoyt suggests that:
A. Urban land use expands outward in radial sectors shaped by transport routes
B. Cities grow as uniform concentric rings from a central core
C. Residential segregation occurs randomly due to population pressure
D. Multiple independent centers emerge within the same metropolitan region
A. Urban land use expands outward in radial sectors shaped by transport routes
According to Cooley, cities formed mainly where:
A. There was fertile soil B. Population was dense C. There was a break in transportation D. Wars took place
C. There was a break in transportation
By 2050, what percentage of the world’s population is expected to live in urban areas?
A. 50% B. 60% C. 68% D. 75%
C. 68%
The POETS framework in urban ecology refers to:
A. Population, Organization, Environment, Technology, and Social Psychology
B. Policy, Orientation, Economy, Territory, and Sustainability
C. Population, Order, Ecology, Transportation, and Systems
D. Planning, Organization, Ecology, Technology, and Structure
A. Population, Organization, Environment, Technology, and Social Psychology
Which of the following is NOT a component of Park’s Societal Pyramid?
A. Ecological base B. Economic level C. Political layer D. Psychological domain
D. Psychological domain
The Multiple Nuclei Theory emphasizes that:
A. Urban growth occurs around numerous specialized nodes of activity
B. Industrial and commercial functions converge in a single dominant CBD
C. Land-use zones develop strictly based on economic class divisions
D. Urban areas expand uniformly outward without spatial differentiation
A. Urban growth occurs around numerous specialized nodes of activity
According to V. Gordon Childe, which statement best represents the underlying causes of the Urban Revolution?
A. Expansion of trade networks and ritual centers leading to political centralization
B. Technological advancement, accumulation of surplus resources, and availability of capital
C. Climatic shifts prompting large-scale migration and permanent river-valley settlement
D. Consolidation of kinship groups under emerging religious and administrative elites
B. Technological advancement, accumulation of surplus resources, and availability of capital
Suburbanization refers to:
A. People moving to city centers
B. Development of peripheral areas beyond the city
C. Industrial expansion within CBD
D. Merging of cities into one
✅ Answer: B. Development of peripheral areas beyond the city
B. Development of peripheral areas beyond the city
Urban ecology is best understood as:
A. The study of human behavior within political communities
B. The application of ecological principles to understand urban social organization
C. The design of sustainable infrastructure systems for metropolitan growth
D. The economic analysis of city-based production and consumption cycles
B. The application of ecological principles to understand urban social organization
The moral order at the apex of Park’s societal pyramid primarily represents:
A. The administrative system regulating ecological processes
B. Ethical norms guiding human conduct and environmental responsibility
C. The technological advancement shaping urban adaptation
D. Cultural institutions maintaining social equilibrium through consensus
B. Ethical norms guiding human conduct and environmental responsibility
A key limitation of Burgess’s Concentric Zone Model is that it:
A. Overestimates the role of transportation in shaping land use
B. Assumes a uniform physical landscape that rarely exists in real cities
C. Ignores the functional importance of central business districts
D. Relies solely on cultural rather than economic determinants of growth
B. Assumes a uniform physical landscape that rarely exists in real cities