Cell Membrane
What is the process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
Homeostasis
The model that describes the cell membrane as a collection of variously colored molecules that are constantly moving is the _____.
Fluid Mosaic Model
Identify the class of proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
Enzymes
Identify the monomer unit that serves as the building block for all proteins.
Amino Acids
Identify the organelle that serves as the 'powerhouse' by converting nutrients into energy for the cell. (ATP and ADP)
Mitochondria
What is the core structure of the cell membrane, which consists of two layers of lipid molecules?
Phospholipid bilayer
Identify the general category of transport that moves molecules across the cell membrane without requiring energy expenditure.
Passive Transport
Identify the specific region on an enzyme where a substrate binds to undergo a chemical reaction.
Active Site
Identify the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
Nucleotides
Identify the organelle that stores the cell's genetic information and acts as the control center.
Nucleus
What is the specific property of a phospholipid head that indicates it is 'water-loving'? Extra 150: what about the specific property of phospholipid tails that indicates they are 'water-fearing'?
Hydrophilic
Bonus: Hydrophobic
Define the specific term for the passive transport of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis
Describe what occurs to an enzyme's shape and function when it is exposed to extreme temperatures or pH levels.
Denaturization
Identify the monomer unit that serves as the primary building block for carbohydrates.
Monosaccharide
Identify the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.
Cytoplasm
Which part of the phospholipid molecule is considered polar?
The hydrophilic head
Identify the term for a state where the net movement of molecules is equal in all directions across a membrane.
Equilibrium
Identify the two components that make up the structure of a lipid molecule.
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
Identify the physical state of saturated fats versus unsaturated fats at room temperature.
Saturated fats are solid, while unsaturated fats are liquid.
Identify the primary function of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Storing and transmitting genetic Information
Identify the lipid molecule embedded in the cell membrane that functions to stabilize and maintain its fluidity.
Cholesterol
Identify the membrane components that act as the 'gateway' for materials that cannot easily pass through the lipid bilayer.
Channel Proteins
Identify the four main classes of biological macromolecules essential for life.
Proteins,Lipids,Carbohydrates,Nucleic Acids
What chemical element provides the structural 'backbone' for all organic macromolecules?
Carbon
Which organelle is often referred to as 'rough' because its surface is studded with ribosomes?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum