Early Civilizations
This term means having more food than a society immediately needs.
Food surplus
These seasonal winds bring wet and dry seasons to South Asia.
Monsoons
This Chinese dynasty used oracle bones and ancestor veneration.
Shang Dynasty
This Greek city-state is most associated with democracy.
Athens
These are some of the oldest sacred writings associated with Hinduism.
Vedas
This was the writing system developed in ancient Mesopotamia.
Cuneiform
These two planned cities are major examples of Indus Valley civilization.
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
This idea stated that heaven gave rulers the right to govern.
Mandate of Heaven
This Greek city-state is most associated with military training and discipline.
Sparta
These Buddhist teachings explain suffering and its causes.
Four Noble Truths
This Mesopotamian ruler conquered Sumerian city-states and created the Akkadian Empire.
Sargon of Akkad
This system divided ancient Indian society into different social groups.
Varna/Caste System
This philosophy emphasized family duties, education, and proper relationships.
Confucianism
This naval ship was an important Greek victory against Persia.
trireme
This is the sacred text at the foundation of Judaism.
Torah
This Babylonian ruler created one of the best-known written law codes of the ancient world.
Hammurabi
This Mauryan ruler converted to Buddhism after experiencing the destruction caused by warfare.
Ashoka
This philosophy emphasized strict laws and harsh punishments.
Legalism
This alliance was created to defend Greek states from Persia but later became dominated by Athens.
Delian League
Name the founder of Islam and the five major religious duties Muslims are expected to practice.
Muhammad and the Five Pillars
Archaeologists study this civilization with advanced drainage systems, carefully planned cities, and standardized construction, but its writing system has not been fully deciphered.
Indus Valley Civilization
This empire helped connect India with Central Asia, Persia, China, and Mediterranean trade networks.
Kushan Empire
This dynasty kept Qin centralization but incorporated Confucianism and the civil service.
Han Dynasty
These three wars between Rome and Carthage helped Rome dominate the Mediterranean.
Punic Wars
This disagreement over leadership after Muhammad's death contributed to the development of these two branches of Islam.
Sunni and Shia