Chemistry 101
the unit that makes up all matter is called an
atom
This bond is a weaker bond formed between a hydrogen and either an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen particle
Hydrogen bonds
What is the main form of bonding found in water that accounts for so many of its unique properties?
Hydrogen Bonds
Write the formula for density
mass/volume = density
The three particles of an atom
Neutron, proton, electron
this bond is where electrons are equally shared between atoms
covalent bonds
Water is known as the Universal __________, due to its ability to dissolve substances
Solvent
What is the relationship between increasing water pressure and solubility of gases?
Increase in pressure = increase in solubility
The center of an atom, also known as the __________, is comprised of neutrons and protons
nucleus
these bonds occur due to the loss or gain of an electron, resulting opposite charges
ionic
Explain why water is less dense in its physical state than its liquid state.
The spreading of molecules due to hydrogen bonds
Define thermocline
layer in ocean where there is a transition between temperatures
The amount of protons in an atom is represented by this on the Periodic Table
the atomic number
Characterized by opposing charges on either end of a molecule; can also be referred to a cold region
Polar
_____________________ is the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by one degree Celsius.
Specific Heat capacity
Define Halocline
Change in salinity levels between layers in ocean
Theory that states all matter is made up of particles that are in constant random motion, even in a solid state
Kinetic Particle Theory
How does water break or dissolve the bonds within a NaCl molecule?
The partial charges on a water molecule (+ for H and - for O) attract or pull the charges on the salt molecule.
What is one impact water has due to its high heat capacity?
Acts as thermostat of planet; climate regulator
Explain the relationship between density, temperature, pressure, solubility, and salinity
Density of water increases as temperature decreases
Salinity increases as density increases
Solubility of gases increases with pressure