Atomic Structure
What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
Describe where to find metals, nonmetals, and metalloids on the Periodic Table
Metals: Left of the black staircase (most elements)
Nonmetals: Right of the black staircase
Metalloids: On the black staircase
Which type of reaction is this?
2H2+O2→2H2O
Synthesis
Which type of bond involves the transfer of electrons?
Ionic
Using the Periodic Table (Table S), which element has the highest first ionization energy?
A. Oxygen
B. Fluorine
C. Helium
D. Neon
C: Helium
Where are electrons located in an atom?
In orbitals
Elements in the same group have the same...
Amount of valence electrons
What does the Law of Conservation of Mass mean?
In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is always equal to the total mass of the products.
Covalent bonds form between:
Nonmetals only
Using Table S, which element has the largest atomic radius?
A. Cesium
B. Potassium
C. Barium
D. Sodium
A: Cesium
What subatomic particles make up the atomic mass of an atom?
Protons + Neutrons
What group on the Periodic Table contains noble gases?
Group 18
Which type of reaction always produces water and carbon dioxide?
combustion
Why is the molecule CO2 nonpolar even though it has polar bonds?
The shape is linear and symmetrical
Using Table I, which reaction is exothermic?
A. H2+Cl2→2HCl
B. N2+O2→2NO
C. 2H2O→2H2+O2
D. C+O2→CO2
A. H2+Cl2→2HCl
Compare the energy of an electron in the first shell vs. and electron in the third shell
The electron in the third shell has more energy than the electron in the first shell
What does the ion for calcium have a smaller atomic radius than the atom of calcium
Calcium is a metal that loses electrons to make an ion, losing electrons decreases the size of the molecule
An endothermic reaction will feel
Cold
Which compound has both ionic and covalent bonds?
A. NaCl
B. H2O
C. NH3
D. NH4Cl
D: NH4Cl
Based on the difference in electronegativity in Table S, which bond is most ionic?
A. H–O
B. Na–Cl
C. C–H
D. O–F
B: Na–Cl
Describe what an electron in excited vs. ground state means
Excited state: 1+ electron gains energy and moves UP an orbital/energy level
Ground state: "normal" electron configuration, what is on the PT
Why do group 17 elements form -1 ions
They gain one electron when forming bonds
Which best describes an exothermic reaction?
A. Absorbs energy
B. Has energy as a reactant
C. Feels cold
D. Releases energy as a product
D. Releases energy as a product
Why is argon generally unlikely to bond with another atom?
Using Table A, what is the mass number of oxygen-16?
A. 16
B. 8
C. 18
D. 32
A; 16