Elements of Life
The "essential elements".
What is C, H, O, N, P, S ?
The part of an amino acid that is responsible for the chemical properties of the amino acid.
What is the R-group / R-side chain?
The monomers of carbohydrates.
What is monosaccharide (or sugar)?
The number of hydrogen bonds formed between cytosine and guanine.
What is 3?
A fatty acid tail with a hydrocarbon chain without double bonds.
What is a saturated fatty acid?
Type of bond that shares electrons.
The linear structure, sequence of amino acids, is changed in a protein. What structural levels are also affected?
What is primary, secondary, tertiary and potentially quaternary?
The name of a polymer of carbohydrates.
What is polysaccharide?
The type of sugar found in a DNA nucleotide.
What is deoxyribose?
The elements found in a phospholipid.
The functional group -OH
The main interactions of coiling and folding that occur in secondary structure of proteins.
What is alpha helix (helices) or beta-pleated sheets?
The two polysaccharides used by plants.
What is cellulose (structure of cell walls) and starch (energy storage)?
The term used to describe the directionality of DNA and the fact that one strand is 5' to 3' and the other is 3' to 5'.
What is antiparallel?
What is saturated fat?
The type of reaction that breaks covalent bonds between polymers.
What is hydrolysis?
The location of hydrophobic amino acids in a polypeptide if placed in an aqueous environment.
What is the interior of the protein / away from water?
The addition of water breaks a covalent bond between sugar monomers.
What is hydrolysis of a carbohydrate?
The names of the 5 nitrogenous bases found in DNA or RNA.
What is adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine and uracil?
The type of cellular defect that may lead to reduced energy storage and decreased cell membrane stability.
What is lipid synthesis defect?
The type of reaction that forms covalent bonds between monomers to build a polymer.
What is dehydration synthesis reaction?
If a mutation happens in a polypeptide chain, what would happen in the resulting protein?
What is a structural and/or functional change? It could misfold and no longer function like it is supposed to.
Hydrolysis of starch creates glucose monomers by using this solvent.
What is water?
The type of bond holding together nucleotides on a polynucleotide chain.
What is covalent bond?
The type of fat that is liquid at room temperature.
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?