Feds vs. Anti-Feds
This term refers to the sharing of power between the national government and the states.
What is federalism?
This form of financial aid from the national government gives the states specific provisions on their use.
What are categorical grants?
This event signaled to political leaders that a new political order with a stronger central government was necessary.
What is Shay's Rebellion?
This many states need to ratify an amendment for it to be passed.
What is three-fourths (or 38)?
Who is considered to be the "father of the Constitution"?
Who is James Madison?
This Anti-Federalist essay advocated for small republics, arguing that a republic as large as the one proposed by the Constitution would lead to tyranny and threaten individual rights.
What is Brutus 1?
This term describes a federal requirement that the states must follow without being provided with funding.
What are unfunded mandates?
This plan proposed a bicameral legislature with representation in both branches based on population.
What is the Virginia Plan?
In order for Congress to propose a constitutional amendment, this much of both chambers need to vote in favor.
What is two-thirds?
This establishes that the U.S. Constitution and federal laws take precedence over states laws and constitutions.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison acknowledged the inevitability of factions but argues this is the solution.
What is a large republic (a system in which power is held by the people and their elected representatives)?
This was used by Congress as reasoning for passing the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990.
What is the commerce clause?
This agreement was made at the Constitutional Convention to allow Southern states to include their enslaved population for the purposes of representation (as long as they ratified the Constitution and joined the Union).
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?
The amendment process is outlined in this part of the U.S. Constitution.
What is Article V?
This is idea that the Supreme Court has the power to review the constitutionality of federal and state laws, as well as acts of the Executive Branch.
What is Judicial Review?
Anti-Federalists believed this was needed to prevent the central government from taking rights from states and citizens.
What is a bill of rights?
This clause under the 14th Amendment gives more power to the federal government by restricting state governments from denying their citizens their life, liberty, or property without legal safeguards.
What is the Due Process Clause?
The New Jersey Plan favored smaller states by proposing this type of federal legislature.
What is a unicameral legislature with equal representation?
U.S. v. Lopez (1995) reversed the trend toward expanding national power and reaffirmed state police powers under this constitutional amendment.
What is the 10th Amendment?
Since the founding of our nations, citizens have directly elected members of this chamber of Congress, making it a reflection of the American ideal of popular sovereignty (government drawing its power from the consent of the governed.
What is the House of Representatives?
This essay, written by James Madison, argued that separation of powers (even within the branches) and federalism will prevent tyranny.
What is Federalist No. 51?
This is the states' argument for preferring block grants.
What is states being closer to the issue, making them more likely than the federal government to know how resources and funds should be used?
This plan provided for a bicameral legislature with one chamber's composition based upon population and another’s on equal state representation?
What is the Great Compromise (the Connecticut Plan)?
In this case, SCOTUS ruled that, under the Necessary and Proper Clause, states do not have the authority to tax the state branches of the national bank.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
This clause in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution grants Congress the power necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.
What is the necessary and proper (elastic) clause?