Before the Constitution
Group that opposed the ratification of the constitution
Who are the anti-federalists
The number of justices required to grant a writ of certiorari
What is 4 (rule of 4)?
Each branch of government has power to limit the power of the other two branches of government
What is checks and balances
the most serious danger to a republic according to James Madison and most others at the constitutional convention
What are factions
This theory suggests that the wealthiest individuals control policy.
What is the Elite Theory
power denied to the federal government under the Articles of Confederation that severely limited fiscal power
What is the power to tax?
The length of 1 term for a U.S. Senator
What is 6 years
a legislature with two separate chambers
What is bicameral
a series of essays written in support of ratifying the constitution
What are the Federalist Papers
resolved the issue of counting slaves into the population for apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives
What is the 3/5 Compromise
Document that created strong states governments and a weak, ineffective central government
What is the Articles of Confederation
Type of democracy where citizens elect "representatives" to make policy on their behalf
What is indirect/representative democracy?
Referring to a division of power between the federal government and the states
What is federalism
the supreme court established the power of judicial review for itself in this landmark case
What is Marbury vs. Madison
A resolution of the New Jersey and Virginia Plans creating a bicameral congress with equal representation in the Senate and apportionment based on population in the House of Representatives
What is the Connecticut "Great" Compromise
the problem presented under the Articles of having a single house legislative branch was solved by creating this
What is a bicameral legislature?
Numbers of members in the U.S. House of Representatives
What is 435
Political definition of granting power to an independent executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch.
What is separation of powers
voting rights, requirements, and eligibility were left to these governmental agents by the founders.
What are the states
Theory suggests that too many groups attempting to influence policy weakens government
What is the Hyper-pluralist Theory
What is the Bill of Rights?
Terminology used to describe how children and adolescents acquire political cognition, attitudes, and behaviors
What is political socialization
these institutions connect citizens to their government
What linkage institutions
these laws made by congress to punish a criminal without a jury trial were prohibited by the constitution
What are bills of attainder
Theory suggests that citizens give consent to be governed
Social Contract Theory