Psychological Perspectives
An organized whole
Gestalt perspective
The first woman to officially earn a PhD in psychology
Margaret Floy Washburn
When 2 variables that vary in the same direction, they are...
Positively correlation
A factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study's results
Confounding variable
The process of explaining a study to participants and getting their voluntary agreement to participate
Informed consent
This modern approach combines genetics, brain chemistry, and bodily processes to understand behavior
Biological perspective
He founded the first psychology lab in the U.S.
G. Stanley Hall
Perceiving a relationship where none exists, or perceiving a stronger-than-actual relationship
Illusory correlation
The group in an experiment that is given the placebo
Control group
Ensures that people are never coerced into participating in research and can withdraw at any time
Voluntary participation
Emphasizes unconscious desires
Psychoanalytic perspective
She became the first female president of the APA
Mary Whiton Calkins
A statistical index of the relationship between two things
Correlation Coefficient
Type of assignment when each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group
Random assignment
Keeping participants’ identities and data protected from unauthorized disclosure
Confidentiality
Emphasizes personal growth
Humanistic perspective
The founder of functionalism
William James
A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation
Naturalistic observation
In this, neither the participant nor the researcher knows which group they are apart of
Double-blind procedure
Researchers must minimize this and take steps to protect participants from psychological, emotional, or physical danger
Risk of harm
The combination of multiple perspectives
Eclectic approach
Father of modern psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Case study
When people that genuinely believe the placebo is working can get better physically
Placebo effect
Controversial tactic can be used in research only when justified, and participants must be fully informed afterward
Deception