Culture
This prominent cultural exchange route that connected Europe with China was revived under the Mongol Empire, allowing the movement of goods and ideas.
The Silk Road
This Mongol-led dynasty ruled China from 1271 to 1368, and its founder was Kublai Khan.
The Yuan Dynasty
This trade route, running through the Sahara Desert, connected West Africa to the Mediterranean world, allowing the exchange of gold, salt, and slaves
Trans-Saharan trade route
This dynasty, led by Mongol rulers, placed Mongols at the top of the social hierarchy.
Yuan Dynasty
During the 14th century, this catastrophic event wiped out roughly a third of Europe’s population, leading to massive social and economic changes
The Black Death or The Plague
This philosophy, which remained influential during the Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties, emphasized respect for authority, filial piety, and the importance of education and family.
Confucianism
This empire, located in present-day Turkey, was founded by Osman I in the early 14th century and grew to dominate large parts of Southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.
In the feudal system, peasants who worked the land and paid rent in the form of crops or labor were called this
Serfs
Under Mongol rule in the Yuan Dynasty, these people were considered lower in status compared to the Northern Chinese.
Southern Chinese
This Mongol ruler, known for his military conquests, promoted cultural exchange between Europe and Asia during the 13th century.
Genghis Khan
This architectural style, characterized by pointed arches, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows, became prominent in cathedrals across Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries.
Gothic architecture
This West African empire, known for its wealth from gold and salt trade, flourished in the 13th and 14th centuries and was ruled by Mansa Musa during its peak.
The Mali Empire
The economic system that began to replace feudalism during the 13th and 14th centuries, characterized by the growth of trade, commerce, and a money-based economy, is known as this.
Capitalism
This ideology, which emphasized hierarchy and respect for authority, strongly influenced the social structures during the Song and Ming Dynasties.
Confucianism
This Chinese invention, perfected during the Tang and Song Dynasties, revolutionized printing, allowing for the mass production of books and texts by the 13th century.
Wood Block Printing
The Silk Road, a key trade route between the East and West, helped spread this religion from India to Central Asia and China by the 13th century.
Buddhism
This empire, based in Persia, was led by the Seljuk Turks in the 12th and 13th centuries and played a key role in the Crusades.
The Seljuk Empire
During the 13th and 14th centuries, this precious metal became increasingly important as a global currency and trade commodity, helping to facilitate cross-continental trade.
Silver or Spanish Pieces of 8
During the Ming Dynasty, this group of people, despite their wealth, remained at the bottom of the social structure.
Merchants
The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) was primarily fought between these two countries over control of French territory.
England and France
This Mongol Empire ruler, after unifying much of Asia, established the "Pax Mongolica," which allowed for safer trade and cultural exchange between East and West.
Kublai Khan
This empire in the early 16th century, became one of the major empires in the Middle East, known for its Shi’a Islam influence and its rivalry with the Ottoman Empire.
The Safavid Empire
By the 14th century, the Indian Ocean trade network had become a key route for the exchange of goods such as spices, textiles, and porcelain, linking these two regions.
Southeast Asia and the Swahili Coast of Africa
This painful tradition, associated with female beauty and status, involved the intentional alteration of a woman's appearance, becoming widespread during the Song Dynasty.
Foot binding
This invention, perfected in the Islamic world during the 13th century, helped in the advancement of astronomy and navigation
The Astrolabe