Subatomic Particles
Which Subatomic particle has a neutral charge and impacts only the mass of the atom?
Neutron
What is the center of the nucleus called, and which subatomic particles go in it?
Nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
Between Magnesium and Aluminum, which element has more valence electrons, or do they have the same amount?
Aluminum
What is a valence electron?
The electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom.
Which Family is the least reactive?
Which subatomic particle determines the identity of the atom?
Protons
How can you know how many valence electrons go on a Lewis Dot Structure?
By looking at the "A Group" or column on the periodic table.
Between Sulfur and Phosphorus, which element has more electronegativity?
Sulfur
What is the atomic radius of an atom?
The distance from the nucleus to the outermost energy level of an atom.
Which periodic table family is the most reactive?
Halogens
An atom of Magnesium has a mass number of 26. How many neutrons does this Magnesium atom have?
14 neutrons
In a Bohr Model, what is a quick way to know how many energy levels you have to draw?
Look at which row on the periodic table the element is in.
Which element is an exception to the valence electron rule and why?
Helium. It is in the column with 8 valence electrons, but Helium only has 2 electrons.
This term describes the ability of an atom to attract valence electrons to itself when bonded with another atom.
Electronegativity
Which periodic table family includes groups 3-12 on the periodic table?
These metals are malleable; they can be hammered into different shapes.
Reactivity ranges from very reactive to almost non-reactive.
Transition Metals
An atom of Chlorine has a -1 charge. How many protons and electrons does this atom have?
Protons: 17
Electrons: 18
What is the connection between a Bohr Model, and Lewis Dot Structure?
The electrons on the outermost ring of the Bohr Model are the valence electrons that are represented in the Lewis Dot Structure.
Why does the Ionization Energy decrease as you move down the periodic table?
Because with more energy levels, the Coulomb force has less impact on those valence electrons.
This term describes the amount of energy needed to remove one valence electron from an atom
Ionization Energy
The properties of this family are as follows:
Great conductors of heat and electricity.
They are extremely reactive and explosive!
They are not found alone in nature.
Alkali metals
An atom of an element has a charge of +2. It has a mass number of 86, and it has 36 electrons. What element is this? How many protons does it have? and how many neutrons does it have?
Element: Strontium
Protons: 38
Neutrons: 48
What is the best way to describe the overall structure of an atom?
The atom has an extremely small, dense nucleus, but it is mostly empty space.
Using Columb force to help explain, why does the atomic radius decrease as you go towards the right on the periodic table?
The force increases as you go to the right because there are more protons in the nucleus. That force pulls the surrounding electrons in more, causing the radius to decrease.
Where on the periodic table is columb force the strongest and why?
The Coulomb force is greatest on the electrons in Fluorine (top right of the periodic table) because it is the largest nucleus with the least amount of energy levels.
This periodic table family has the following properties:
They are the third most reactive group of elements.
When dissolved in a solution, they dissolve to make solutions with a pH greater than 7.
Alkaline Earth Metals