Atomic Structure & Mass
The center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
What is a nucleus?
The mass in grams of one mole of a substance
What is molar mass?
relationship between the amounts of reactants used and products formed in a chemical reaction
What is Stoichiometry?
an electron in the outermost shell of an atom
What is a valence electron?
Half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together
What is atomic radius?
Letters that represent electron shells
What are s, p, d, and f?
The number of moles of solute per liter of solution
What is Molarity or M?
A formula that shows the actual number of atoms in a compound
What is a Chemical Formula?
amount of energy required to remove an electron from a specific shell
What is binding energy?
the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons within a chemical bond
What is electronegativity?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
What are isotopes?
6.02 x 1023
What is Avogadro's Number?
A formula that shows the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
What is an empirical formula?
electrons in the inner shells of an atom that do not participate in bonding
What are core electrons?
The energy required to remove the first electron from an atom
What is first ionization energy?
the weighted average of masses of isotopes of an element
What is Average atomic mass?
The number of particles in a mole
What is 6.02 x 1023?
Law that says chemical compounds always contain the same proportion of elements by mass
What is the Law of Definite Proportions?
principle that says that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first
What is the Aufbau Principle?
law that explains the force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles
What is Coulomb's Law?
Device used to calculate average atomic mass by determining isotopic abundances
What is a mass Spectrometer?
22.4 Liters
How much space does 1 mole of ideal gas occupy at STP?
Law that says mass is not created or destroyed In a chemical reaction
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Rule that says electrons will occupy empty orbitals of the same energy before pairing up
What is Hund's rule?
process where core electrons block the positive charge of the nucleus from reaching the valence electrons
What is atomic shielding?