Cladograms/ Phylogenetic trees
Natural Selection
Evidence of Evolution
100
On a cladogram things like webbed feet, carnivorous, has wings are examples of what? What is the vocab word?
Derived characters
100
What are the four factors of natural selection?
Variation, inheritance, selection, and adaptation
100
These preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms provide a record of past life on Earth.
Fossils
200
The point where two branches meet on a cladogram represents this.
A common ancestor
200
Some beetles in a population are green, while others are brown. This difference in color is an example of what part of natural selection?
Variation
200
Scientists compare early developmental stages of different species to show that many share similar patterns before birth — this field of study provides evidence for common ancestry.
Embryology
300
Which two species are more closely related, A and C, D and E, or G and H? Why?
G and H because when you trace the lines back they intersect sooner than the rest. More recent common ancestor
300
A population of rabbits has short and long-haired individuals. When the temperature drops over several generations, more rabbits have long fur. This outcome is an example of what?
Adaptation
300
Body parts that are similar in structure but may have different functions are called this.
Homologous structures
400
What is the outgroup in this cladogram?
The tortoise
400
After a drought, only birds with larger, stronger beaks can crack the remaining hard seeds and survive. This describes which part of natural selection?
Selection
400
Structures like a human appendix that no longer serve a function are examples of this.
Vestigial structures
500
The closer two species are on a cladogram, the more of these they share.
Derived character or traits
500
Many people say species “decide” to change to survive. Why is this statement incorrect?
Because individuals don’t choose to change. Mutations occur randomly, and those that are better suited to the environment survive and reproduce. When they reproduce they pass on those traits.
500
How does comparing DNA sequences and the amino acid order in proteins help provide evidence for evolution?
When two species have less differences in their DNA they are more closely related.
When two species have more differences in their DNA they are distantly related.