Heredity & Environment
Q: What perspective explains behavior through evolution and adaptation?
A: Evolutionary perspective
Q: What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
A: Central and Peripheral
Q: What are support cells that nourish and protect neurons?
A: Glial cells
Q: What part of the brain controls heartbeat and breathing?
A: Medulla
Q: What is the “master gland” of the endocrine system?
A: Pituitary gland
Q: What process ensures traits aiding survival are passed on?
A: Natural selection
Q: What subdivision of the nervous system controls voluntary movements?
A: Somatic nervous system
Q: What principle states a neuron fires completely or not at all?
A: All-or-nothing principle
Q: What part of the brain coordinates movement and balance?
A: Cerebellum
Q: What hormone regulates sleep-wake cycles?
A: Melatonin
Q:How does twin studies compare the influence of genetics and environments?
A: Compare identical twins with fraternal twins
Q: What subdivision of the nervous system prepares the body for fight-or-flight?
A: Sympathetic nervous system
Q: What is the recovery phase of a neuron after firing called?
A: Refractory period
Q: What structure of the brain relays sensory info (except smell)?
A: Thalamus
Q: What hormone promotes bonding and trust?
A: Oxytocin
Q:How does adoption studies compare the influence of genetics and environments?
A:Compare adopted children with biological and adoptive paernts
Q: What subdivision of the nervous system calms the body after stress?
A: Parasympathetic nervous system
Q: What do reuptake inhibitors do?
A: block the transporters so neurotransmitters stay in the synpse.
Q: What part of the brain regulates hunger, thirst, and temperature?
A: Hypothalamus
Q: What hormones control hunger and fullness?
A: Ghrelin (hunger) & Leptin (fullness)
Q: What discredited movement tried to “improve” human genetics through controlled breeding?
A: Eugenics
Q: What subdivision of the nervous system controls involuntary body functions?
A: Autonomic nervous system
Q: Match the neurotransmitter and function:
• Dopamine
• Serotonin
• GABA
• ACh
• Dopamine – movement/reward
• Serotonin – mood/sleep
• GABA – calming
• ACh – memory
Q: What area controls speech production vs. comprehension?
A: Broca’s (production), Wernicke’s (comprehension)
Q: What’s the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
A: Agonists mimic receptor activation; antagonists block neurotransmitters