Carbon Framework and Lab
What term describes small units that join to form polymers?
monomers
Give the monomers of maltose.
2 Glucose units
What are the two types of molecules that make up a triglyceride?
Glycerol and Fatty acids
DNA and RNA contain four bases each. Which base is not present in RNA?
Thymine
What makes one amino acid different from another?
R-group/Side Chain
Name the process in which water is removed to form a bond between monomers.
Dehydration Reaction
Which of the following carbohydrates are branched polymer of glucose?
A. Chitin
B. Amylopectin
C. Cellulose
D. Glycogen
C. Cellulose
Lipids are mostly hydrophobic because they are made largely of what type of chemical region?
Hydrocarbons
If a DNA strand has 30% adenine, how much thymine does it have?
30% (base-pairing rule).
Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha (α) helix and the beta (β) pleated sheet structures of proteins?
A. hydrophobic interactions
B. disulfide bridges
C. ionic bonds
D. hydrogen bonds
D. hydrogen bonds
Small molecules are used as the basic units in the synthesis of large food molecules. Which statement is correct?
A. Amino acids are basic units of glycogen.
B. Fatty acids are basic units of enzymes.
C. Nucleotide is a basic unit of DNA.
D. Simple sugar is a basic unit of triglycerides.
C. Nucleotide is a basic unit of DNA.
The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
A. C18H36O18
B. C18H30O15
C. C6H10O5
D. C18H10O15
B. C18H30O15
Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids?
A. They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil.
B. They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids.
C. They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.
D. They are usually liquid at room temperature.
E. They are usually produced by plants.
C. They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.
What are the 3 components of nucleotides?
pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
All of the following contain amino acids except
A. hemoglobin.
B. testosterone.
C. insulin.
D. enzymes.
B) testosterone.
Glucose and fructose share the same chemical formula but have different structures. What are they?
Isomers
The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?
A. glycogen
B. cellulose
C. chitin
D. lactose
A. glycogen
In a phospholipid, which part is hydrophilic and which part is hydrophobic?
Head = hydrophilic, Tails = hydrophobic
For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship.
(A) The number of purines in the DNA strand 5ʹ-AACAGGAGTTA-3ʹ
(B) The number of pyrimidines in the DNA strand 5ʹ-AACAGGAGTTA-3ʹ
Options:
A. Item (A) is greater than item (B).
B. Item (A) is less than item (B).
C. Item (A) is approximately equal to item (B)
D. There is not enough information to determine the relationship.
A) Item (A) is greater than item (B).
The function of each protein is a consequence of its specific shape. What is the term used for a change in a proteinʹs three-dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds?
Denaturation
Which nutrient produces a purple color when mixed with biuret solution?
A. fat
B. protein
C. simple sugar
D. starch
B. protein
For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship.
(A) The rate of digestion of amylopectin
(B) The rate of digestion of amylose
Options:
A. Item (A) is greater than Item (B).
B. Item (A) is less than Item (B).
C. Item (A) is equal to Item (B).
D. There is not enough information to determine the relationship.
A. Item (A) is greater than Item (B).
For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship.
(A) The probability of finding double bonds in saturated fatty acids
(B) The probability of finding double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids
Options:
A. Item (A) is greater than item (B).
B. Item (A) is less than item (B).
C. Item (A) is equal to item (B).
D. There is not enough information to determine the relationship.
B) Item (A) is less than item (B).
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases ATTGCA, the other complementary RNA strand would have the sequence ___________.
UAACGU
Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?
A. peptide bonds
B. hydrogen bonds
C. disulfide bonds
D. phosphodiester bonds
A. peptide bonds