Leukocytes
What is horse-shoe shaped, and fights against chronic disease and bacteria?
Monocyte
What are the 3 plasma proteins?
Albumin, Fibrinogen, and Globulin
Main functions of RBCs:
Carry O2 from lungs to tissues; CO2 transport from tissues to lungs; carry antigens
What is blood type determined by on an RBC?
The antigens on their RBC - Surface glycoproteins and glycolipids
Vasodilator Histamine
Increases blood flow to damaged tissue and heparin to stop blood clotting
What is an allergen and produces histamine as a result of inflammation?
Basophil
Function of Albumin
Transports hormones, ions, and other molecules. Osmotic pressure; pulling fluids inside blood for balance. Viscosity; reduces RBC aggregation.
Physical Properties of RBCs:
Discoid cell w/ biconcave shape; no nucleus; no mitochondria, so they use anaerobic respiration for ATP
Hemoglobin...
Measures blood's O2 carrying ability by counting RBC; Adult Hb has 2 alpha and 2 beta globin chains = 4 O2
B-cells
become plasma cells, make antibodies; provide anti-body-mediated immunity
What is bi-lobed and granulated, and fights parasites?
Eosinophil
What are Globulins?
Proteins produced by plasma cells, they are antibodies and include alpha, beta and gamma Globulins.
RBC Death
RBCs die in spleen/liver. Heme and Globin are divided; globin - amino acid; iron removed from heme.
Antigen
Non-self protein, foreign to body. May be on a cell from someone else or invader.
T-cells
mature in Thymus, destroy bacteria/virus; attack tumors and cancer
What fights viruses and produces antibodies?
Lymphocytes
Examples of Nitrogenous compounds?
Amino acids, and waste (urea) which is removed by kidneys.
Hypoxemia (low O2)
increases erythropoeisis through negative feedback control
Antibody
Defensive protein directed at specific antigens. They are gamma globulins, proteins made by plasma
Leukopenia; Leukocytosis
low WBC count (caused by radiation/poison/disease); high WBC count (infection/allergy/disease)
What leukocyte is the most abundant and fight bacteria?
Neutrophils
What are nutrients within the plasma?
Glucose, vitamins, fat, electrolytes (Na+), phospholipids, etc.
What produces Erythropoetin?
Kidneys. It stimulates bone marrow. Caused by blood loss, altitude, exercise, loss of lung tissue
Cross-Matching
Leukemia
cancer of hematopoietic tissue, producing many leukocytes. 4 types: myeloid (GRAN), lymphoid (AGRAN), acute, chronic (undetected)