Famous Theorists
Who proposed that personality is composed of it Id, Ego, and Superego.
Sigmund Freud
Providing a safe home, nutritious meals, and medical care fulfills this category of a child's needs.
Physical Needs
Giving a child a sticker for completing their homework represents this operant conditioning term.
ccording to Vygotsky, the range of tasks a child can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable other is called this.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Characterized by high warmth and high control, this parenting style combines clear standards with open communication.
Authoritative
These two theorists are credited with founding behaviorism, which focuses on observable behaviors and conditioning.
John Watson and B.F. Skinner
A child who is distressed when their caregiver leaves but is quickly soothed and happy upon return demonstrates this attachment style.
Secure Attachment
Essential for planning, decision-making, and impulse control, this is one of the last areas of the brain to fully develop.
Prefrontal Cortex
Refraining from cheating on a quiz solely out of fear of getting a zero or being punished reflects this level of moral reasoning.
Preconventional Level
In Erikson's first psychosocial stage, an infant's primary conflict centers on this struggle.
Trust vs. Mistrust
He emphasized the role of observational learning and modeling in his social learning theory.
Albert Bandura
A child who shows little distress upon separation and actively avoids or ignores the caregiver upon return exhibits this attachment style.
Dismissive-Avoidant Attachment
This brain structure is essential for processing fear and aggression.
Amygdala.
A child seeing a stop sign and calling it a "square" because it fits their existing mental framework is demonstrating this process.
Assimilation
Children raised by parents with this style most consistently struggle with self-control and authority figures.
Permissive Parenting
This cognitive theorist proposed that children understand the world by progressing through four distinct stages of development.
Piaget
Freezing, rocking, or showing confused, contradictory behavior when a caregiver returns characterizes this specific attachment style.
Fearful-Avoidant Attachment
This brain structure is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture.
An adult paying taxes out of a desire to uphold the law and maintain social order operates within this level of Kohlberg's moral development.
Conventional Level
In Freud's personality theory, this structure acts as the mediator that balances reality with the demands of the Id and Superego.
He developed the theory of moral development.
Lawrence Kohlberg
A child who becomes hysterical when left and alternates between clinging and angrily pushing the caregiver away demonstrates this style.
Anxious Attachment
Taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew serves as an example of this behavioral consequence.
Negative Punishment
An example of this concept is: A teacher gradually reduces the amount of assistance they provide to a student as the student masters a new skill, starting with direct modeling and ending with only brief verbal hints.
Scaffolding
Supporting an adolescent through Erikson's "Identity vs. Role Confusion" stage requires parents to focus on fostering this.
Independence.