Mutations
What is Frameshift Mutation?
A frameshift mutation is a type of genetic mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence
means different
heterozygus
Complete the Punnett Square, AND list the Genotype % and Phenotype %
B=Brown b=blue
Formula: Bb x bb
Genotype: Bb 50% bb 50%
Phenotype: Brown eyes 50% Blue eyes 50%
Do animals that eat plants depend on photosynthesis?
Yes, animals that eat plants are directly dependent on photosynthesis
What are the Phases of Mitosis in Order?
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytyokinesis
Addition in Frameshift is doing what to the mutation?
add a letter.
means the same
homozygous
Complete the Punnett Square, AND list the Genotype % and Phenotype %
Key: R=RED r=white
Cross a Homozygous Red Flower by a Heterozygous Red flower
Genotype:RR 50% Rr 50%
Phenotype: Red 100% White 0%
What happens to molecules and atoms during cellular respiration?
During cellular respiration, the atoms from glucose and oxygen are rearranged to form carbon dioxide and water, while energy is released
If a cell were a city, what city structures would represent the nucleus, cell membrane, and mitochondria?
The nucleus is like City Hall (control center), the cell membrane acts as the City Limits/Walls (regulating entry/exit), and the mitochondria function as the Power Plants, generating energy for the city's operations.
What are the 2 Frameshift Mutations?
Addition
Subtraction
What are the 2 types of Mutations?
1. Point
2. Frameshift
Complete the Punnett Square, AND list the Genotype % and Phenotype %
T=Tall t=short
Formula: TT x Tt
Genotype: TT 50% Tt 50%
Phenotype: Tall 100%
Where do humans get energy to grow and function?
Humans get energy to grow and function from the food we eat, which our bodies convert through a process called cellular respiration into a usable form of chemical energy called ATP
What is the Nucleolus and what is its job?
The Nucleolus is located inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes.
What is Point Mutation?
A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide base (1 letter) in a DNA sequence
What do plants use to make their own food?
Plants get their food through a process called photosynthesis, where they use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food in the form of sugar
What happens during Metaphase?
The nucleus has disappeared completely.
Chromosomes Meet in the Middle of the cell “equator”
Centromere connects each chromatin to identical sister
What do plant and animal cells have in common?
Plant and animal cells both have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and other membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
What is the Mitochondria and what is its job?
The Mitochondria is the Powerhouse of the Cell. Mitochondria complete cellular respiration, which turns food (glucose) into energy (ATP).
What are the 3 Point Mutations?
Missense
Nonsense
Silent
Where do plants get their energy from, and what type of energy do they contain?
Plants get their energy from sunlight, and contain chemical energy
What happens during Anaphase?
Centromeres split
Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles (ends of the cell)
Chromatids now called chromosomes again
What do plants have that animal cells do not?
Plant cells have a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts, which animal cells lack
Use the codon chart and translate the following mRNA sequence: “AUG-CGC-UGG-GAC-CCC-CCG-UGA”
MET, ARG, TRP, ASP, PRO, PRO, STOP