Vocabulary
someone chosen by God to bring a message to people
Prophet
What are the followers of the religion of Islam called?
Muslims
How did the two branches of Islam, Shia and Sunni, form?
The branches formed during a civil war after Ali, a blood relative of
Muhammad, became caliph.
Successor
a person who becomes the leader after the previous leader's
death
How are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam similar?
They are all religions based on monotheism.
How did Islam spread throughout the Middle East, Europe, and
Asia?
Islam spread through the leadership of the caliphs and the conquering
of new territories.
Secular
not religious (30)
Why was the Arabian Peninsula important to trade?
The Arabian Peninsula was important to trade because of its location
between other ancient civilizations.
What was the primary language spoken by Muslims in this
period? How do you know?
Muslims in this period primarily spoke Arabic. Muslim scholars
translated works written originally in Greek and Latin into Arabic.
the principle that no one is above the law, not even the highest
lawmakers
Rule of law
Why was Muhammad's message so unpopular at first?
He told people that there was only one God, Allah, and that they
should not worship any other gods. At the time, most Arabs prayed to
many different gods and idols.
What contributions by Muslim scholars are described in this section?
Muslim scholars translated the works of ancient Greek and
Roman thinkers. They also borrowed and spread the use of written
numerals 0-9.
Oasis
an area in the desert where there are water and plants
Who were the caliphs?
They were the successors to Muhammad and the rulers of the
Muslim world.
Why did Alexius I ask Pope Urban II for help?
Trust between Christians and Muslims improved.