Vocab
The genetic Code
How cells make proteins
Mutations
Random
100
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
100
Why can you solve crimes using DNA?
every person has a unique set of DNA
100
T/F: RNA is double stranded
False; single stranded
100
How can a mutation affect an organism?
a mutation may help, harm, or have no effect
100
A change in DNA is called what?
a mutation
200
the production of proteins
protein synthesis
200
what is the process in which an identical copy of DNA strand is formed for a new cell?
DNA replication
200
the genetic code is found in the order of nitrogen....
bases
200
t/f: A mutation can't be passed to offspring.
false; can
200
As for nitrogen bases, DNA and RNA have one that is not in common with each other. What are both these nitrogen bases called?
uracil and thymine
300
copies the message from the DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
mRNA
300
Name all 4 nitrogen bases in DNA and state which ones are paired with one another
Adenine pairs with thymine and Guanine pairs with cytosine
300
Where does protein synthesis take place?
on the in the cytoplasm of the cell
300
If cancer starts in the bone but was discovered in the lungs, what kind of cancer would it be and why?
bone cancer. the name if the cancer it always where it originated. The lungs would hold bone cancer cells in them.
300
What happens during DNA replication?
DNA unzips and the new bases pair to make a copy
400
The uses of drugs to treat cancer
chemotherapy
400
Why is replication SO important?
daughter cells need a complete set of DNA to survive
400
Identify structure D and state where is is made
D is a messenger RNA molecule. It is made in the nucleus
400
How does cancer spread?
when cells break off a tumor and travel through the bloodstream
400
Identify structures C and B
C: tRNA
B: amino acids
500
A section of a DNA molecule that contains the information to code for one specific protein.
gene
500
What do you think would happen if the DNA code in a daughter cell did not math the code in the parent cell?
the cell would not have the genetic information to carry out its normal life activities
500
The order of the bases along a gene determine the order in which...
amino acids are put together to form a protein.
500
Name two ways a mutation can be helpful to an organism
1. lactose
2. Some bacteria develop a mutation that makes them resistant to antibiotics, helping them survive and reproduce.
3. A rabbit born with fur that blends into its surroundings can hide from predators more easily.
Ms. Cobb's discretion
500
What do mRNA and tRNA do during protein synthesis?
mRNA carries the code while tRNA brings amino acids to form proteins