Make like a proton and stay positive!
This outermost e- shell dictates the chemical behavior of an atom
Valence shell
In order for a substance to be dissolved by water, it must have this property
polar or charged/ionized
Carbon’s versatility in the types and numbers of molecules it can make comes from its ability to make this many bonds
4
A protein’s secondary structure can take the form of these 2 types of structures
alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
Varying number of neutrons in an atom is called ____ while varying number of e- is called ____.
Isotopes; ions
The polarity of a water molecule results from oxygen’s strong pull on shared electrons and is called this
electronegativity
This term refers to molecules with identical chemical formulas but different structures
This term is used for a covalent bond between monosaccharides whereas this term is used for covalent bonds between amino acids
glycosidic linkage; peptide bond
A type of weak bond that becomes important when there are many of them is
hydrogen bonds or van der Waals interactions
An acidic solution has an excess of this
H+ or hydrogen ions or protons
When added to DNA, this functional group has an effect on gene expression
CH3 or methyl group
All amino acids have these 2 functional groups
amino and carboxyl
These 4 elements make up 96% of the human body
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon
Water’s high heat of vaporization allows it to be useful in what cool biological process
Sweating or evaporative cooling
If a carbonyl group is found at the end of a carbon skeleton, it is called this, but if it is found within the skeleton, it is called this
aldehyde;ketone
This type of reaction builds polymers while this type of reaction breaks them down
When double bonded, atoms share this number of electrons
2 pair or 4 e-
Unlike other solids, water becomes this when it transitions to a solid as compared to a liquid
Less dense
ATP is energy-rich because it contains 3 of this functional group
Phosphate group
_____ is a storage polysaccharide in plants while ____ is a structural polysaccharide
starch;cellulose