Water Properties
This molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen atom, and its overall structure is bent
What is a water molecule?
The number of this subatomic particle determines an element's atomic number
What are protons?
this element is known as tetravalent because of it's ability to form four stable bonds on it's outershell.
What is carbon?
These are the building blocks of carbohydrates
What are monosaccharides?
The elements that all lipids consist of.
What is Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen?
The monomers of proteins.
What are Amino Acids?
The monomers of nucleic acids.
What are nucleotides?
These two properties allow water to travel upward in plant stems against gravity.
What are cohesion and adhesion (capillary action)?
an uneven distribution of charges in a molecule (+/-)
What is polarity?
These small molecules are the building blocks that link together to form polymers.
What are monomers?
The polysaccharide that plants use to store energy.
What is glucose/starch?
This type of lipid makes up cell membranes.
What are phospholipids?
The bond that links amino acids together.
What is a peptide bond?
The sugar found in RNA nucleotides.
What is ribose?
Substances that repel water and Substances that are attracted to water
What is hydrophobic? What is hydrophillic?
The outer-shell electrons on an atom involved in bonding
What are valence electrons?
any carbon-containing liquid, solid, or gas
What are organic molecules?
The type of bond that connects monosaccharides in disaccharides and polysaccharides.
What is a glycosidic linkage?
Fats that contain only single bonds between carbons are classified as this.
What are saturated fats?
The level of protein structure that involves alpha helices and beta sheets.
What is secondary structure?
The elements that Nucleic Acids consist of
What is Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus?
highest at 4°C, which allows ice to float on the surface of bodies of water, insulating the liquid water below and enabling aquatic life to survive in cold environments.
What is the Density of Water?
involve the transfer (stealing) of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other.
What are ionic bonds?
The straight carbon chain in an organic molecule
What is the carbon skeleton/ carbon backbone?
The ratio that the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen appear in carbohydrates
What is a 1:2:1 ratio?
All lipids have this type of polarity.
What is nonpolar?
These are the five elements that proteins consist of *hint: one of them is only in some proteins.
What is Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and sometimes Sulfur?
The type of bond that connects nucleotides in the backbone of DNA.
What is a phosphodiester bond?
This type of bond between water molecules gives rise to many of water's unique properties, such as high surface tension, cohesion, and adhesion.
What are hydrogen bonds?
a property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself (electron-greedy).
What is electronegativity?
The functional group that gives amino acids their acidic property.
What is the carboxyl group (-COOH)?
This is the main function of carbohydrates in living organisms
What is the main energy source (short-term energy)?
This is the main function of lipids in living organisms
What is long-term energy storage?
When heated, or in reaction to pH changes, bonds between secondary and tertiary structures of the protein unfold
What is denaturation (Denaturing)?
The three components of a nucleotide
What is a pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen-containing base?