Taxonomy and Domains
How many domains of life are there?
3
What are the three shapes of bacteria? LINK SCIENTIFIC NAME TO SHAPE
Cocci (spherical), Bacilli (rod-shaped), Spirilla (spiral)
Which plant-like protists are photosynthetic?
Algae. They contain chlorophyll and produce oxygen, functioning like aquatic plants.
In which phylum have the largest number of animal species been identified?
Arthropoda
What do xylem and phloem transport?
Xylem = water/minerals (up); Phloem = sugars (up & down)
Which kingdoms belong to Domain Eukarya? Are they eukaryotes or prokaryotes - WHY
Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia. All are eukaryotic (cells with nucleus + membrane-bound organelles).
What process do bacteria use to reproduce? EXPLAIN
Binary fission. The cell copies its DNA and splits into two identical daughter cells, very fast and efficient.
How does an amoeba move?
Pseudopodia, extensions of the cytoplasm
Which chordate class has both aquatic & terrestrial life stages?
Amphibians - They live in water as larvae (gills) and on land as adults (lungs/skin).
Gymnosperm vs Angiosperm?
Gymnosperms = naked seeds in cones; Angiosperms = seeds in flowers/fruits.
What is the correct order of taxonomic hierarchy from broadest to most specific?
Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species
Difference between Archaea and Bacteria cell walls?
Bacteria = peptidoglycan, Archaea = no peptidoglycan (unique lipids).
What are the parts of a fungus?
Hyphae = filaments, mycelium = network underground, fruiting body = reproductive structure (e.g., mushroom)
What are the main parts of a virus?
Genetic material, protein coat (capsid), lipid envelope (sometimes)
Name one non-vascular plant - explain
Moss, liverwort, hornwort. Lack xylem/phloem; rely on diffusion/osmosis; small and close to ground.
What are the three “species concepts”? EXPLAIN.
Biological = interbreeding, Morphological = based on looks/traits (homologous and analogous), Phylogenetic = DNA and evolutionary history
Difference between Archaea and Bacteria living environments?
bacteria = typically mesophiles, archaea = typically extremophiles
Which protistis both autotrophic and heterotrophic
euglena - photosynthesizes in light, eats in darkness
Are viruses considered living? Explain
No cellular structure: Viruses are not made of cells, just protein coat and genetic material
They cannot make energy or carry out chemical reactions on their own.
Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves.
Which part of the plant anchors and absorbs water?
roots
Which type of biodiversity looks at DNA differences within a species? EXPLAIN
Genetic Diversity:
differences between individuals within the same species
refers to the variety in genes or DNA within the pop.
Can be visible (height or eye colour) and invisible (disease resistance)