Patterns & Trends
Definition of a Pattern and Trend
Pattern: The arrangement of objects on the earth's surface in relation to each other (observed over space/areas)
- Shown by images
Trend: Observations made over time
- Shown on Graphs
What are the 4 types of interrelationships?
N - N
N - H
H - H
H - N
What is the definition of a geographic perspective?
The point of view/the way someone views a situation, event or issues that are going on.
What is the definition of spatial significance?
Spatial Significance: Used to identify the importance of a location where you describe where a place is, its natural and human features and how the location impacts people and the planet.
Definition of latitude and longitude?
Latitude: Distance between North and South of the equator and is measured in degrees.
(the measurement up/down from the equator)
Longitude:Distance between east and west of the Prime Meridian and is measured in degrees
(the measurement left/right from the Prime Meridian)
What are the 5 trend words?
Increasing
Decreasing
Unchanging/static
Fluctuating
Unpredictable
What are the 4 important words used to describe the interrelationship
Impact
Creates
Influences
Causes
What are the factors that influence a perspective?
- previous knowledge
- what we read
- a person's job
- interests
etc
What is the difference between absolute and relative location?
Absolute location: the exact coordinates on a grid (latitude and longitude) that are shown by using numbers.
Relative location: explaining the location by using well-known geographical landmarks such as cities, natural features, directions (NESW), etc)
What is the Prime Meridian/Equator?
Represents 0 degrees
What are the 6 Pattern words?
Dispersed/scattered
Concentrated
Clustered
Linear
Outlier
Absent
Name a N-N and N-H interrelationship?
Forest impacts the amount of oxygen in an area (increased amount of trees)
Fertile soil influences the type of agriculture farmers can plant
What are the 4 types of Geo perspectives and their definitions?
Social - about people and how situations impact their daily lives.
(activities, culture, religion, etc)
Environmental - the natural world and how the environment is impacted
(ecosystems, biodiversity, climate, landforms, etc)
Political - the government and how it is impacted/ their role in the situation and the decisions that they make
(laws, legal decisions, acts, plans, etc)
Economic - how the economy is impacted by the situation
(jobs, money, wealth, etc)
What is the spatial significance for Pickering, ON?
Step 1: 43.8384° N, 79.0869° W, it is situated within the Durham region beside Lake Ontario, located east of Toronto in Canada....
Step 2: Cold winters, hot summer, lots of biodiversity, great lakes and Frenchmen bay....
Step 3: Lots of jobs (farming, power plant, GO Train, etc)....
Step 4: Combine!
What are the different types of hemispheres divided by the Equator?
Northern Hemisphere/Southern Hemisphere
What are the steps to analyze pattern/trends (3 steps)
Define if it is a pattern/trend and the topic
1. Use a vocabulary word to describe the pattern
2. Use a vocabulary word to describe the trend
3. Suggest a reason for that pattern/trend
Name 3 Interrelationships (H-H, H-N, N-H)
Clear-cutting forests impacts the number of houses that can be built on a piece of land
Factories impacts the amount of Co2 that is in the air
The location of mountains impacts recreational activities (ski resorts, sledding, etc)
What is bias and how does it impact a geo perspective?
Bias: the act of showing prejudice (an opinion that is not based on reason or experience) in favour of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
- It impacts a perspective as you may only get one side of an issue when they show their perspective, rather than viewing it from all points of view.
What are the 4 steps to making a spacial significance?
Step 1 - Explain where it is on the earth using absolute and relative location.
Step 2 - Explain what is naturally occurring using the landscape, conditions (weather, biodiversity, soil), and processes.
Step 3 - Explain the human activity using structures, and human actions (jobs, recreational activities, population, etc)
Step 4 - Explain the importance in a paragraph (why is it unique, how are people interacting with this place)
What are the types of Hemispheres divided by the Prime Meridian?
Western Hemisphere/Eastern Hemisphere
What are some natural and human examples that demonstrate a pattern/trend?
Temperature (Fluctuates)
Traffic (Predictable)
Rent *inflation* (increasing)
Tornadoes within the Tornado Valley USA (Predictable)
What are the 4 steps used to analyze and identify interrelationships?
Step 1: Identify the 2 connections. (Volcanoes - Tectonic Plates)
Step 2: Identify the type of interrelationship and explain why it is this type.
Step 3: Explain what the connection is between these two features. Which feature creates/influences/ impacts/causes which? Why?
Step 4: Creat a short paragraph with step 1,2, and 3 combined.
What is a stakeholder?
Someone that is connected to an issue that has something to gain/lose.
What is the spatial significance of Cairo?
Step 1: 30.0444° N, 31.2357° E, situated in Africa in Egypt (the capital)
Step 2: Nile river, Sahara desert providing a tough landscape, Mediterranean sea....
Step 3: Contain 9.5 million people, lots of farming from the fertile flat region providing jobs, etc..
Step 4: Combine!
What are the important lines of latitude (hint* North pole → South pole)
North Pole (90 degrees N)
Artic Circle (66.5 degrees N)
Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees N)
Equator_______________________________________________ _ (0 degrees)
Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees S)
Antarctic Circle (66.5 degrees S)
South Pole (90 degrees S)