Foundational Documents
It created what was called “a firm league of friendship.”
What is the Articles of Confederation?
Sometimes referred to as the “fourth branch of government,” this institution includes NASA, the EPA, and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
What is the Bureaucracy?
Powers held the state governments alone are called these type of powers.
What is "reserved?"
Perhaps the most important of the compromises, this allowed for the creation of a bicameral legislature with both proportionate and equal representation.
What is the Connecticut (or Great) Compromise?
A type of democracy dominated by those with a disproportionate share of some valued resource.
What is Elite Democracy?
In this document it was argued that the ‘necessary and proper’ clause and a POTUS using the ‘take care’ clause would lead to an uncontrollable national government.
In the Federalist Papers, he argued that “ambition must be made to counteract ambition.”
Who is James Madison?
What is the 14th Amendment?
The only state which did NOT send delegates to the Philadelphia Convention.
What is Rhode Island?
A model of democracy in which citizens have the power to decide directly on policy and politicians are responsible for implementing those policy decisions
What is participatory democracy?
In this document, it was argued that the Constitution provides a double security through a separation of powers (with checks & balances).
What is Federalist no.51?
In this landmark decision, Chief Justice Marshall wrote that “the courts have the power to nullify government acts that conflict with the Constitution.”
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This type of federalism, used at the founding of the US, relies on the layer-cake metaphor to describe the relationship between state and national government.
What is "dual" federalism?
The names given to the groups who supported a stronger national government and those who favored strong state governments.
Who are the Federalists and Anti Federalists?
A model of democracy in which no one group dominates politics and organized groups compete with each other to influence policy.
What is pluralist democracy?
The goals listed for this document, include the establishment of justice and providing for the common defense.
What is the Constitution of the United States of America?
Found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18, of the United States Constitution, the Necessary & Proper Clause creates these:
What are the IMPLIED powers?
A type of grant that is given for a specific purpose, has many “strings attached,” and requires matching funds.
What is a "categorical grant?"
This event, led by Revolutionary War veterans, caused great fear and increased attendance to the Philadelphia Convention.
What is Shays' Rebellion?
A referendum is an example of this type of democracy.
What is participatory democracy?
In this document, it was argued that factions are undesirable but inevitable, and an extended republic will help to break and control the violence of faction.
What is Federalist no.10?
The highest court in this branch was given both original and appellate jurisdiction.
What is the Judicial Branch?
The Marble Cake metaphor is used to describe this type of federalism, which began being used heavily during the New Deal Era.
What is "cooperative" federalism?
By counting a portion of “all other Persons” for representation, this compromise is often used as an example of how the Constitution was pro-slavery.
What is the 3/5ths Compromise?
We can see the influence of this type of democracy today in the structure of the Electoral College, where it serves as a check on the potential tyranny of the majority.
What is elite democracy?