LT 1.1: Four Laws
if two thermodynamic systems are both in _______ with a third system, then the two systems are in ______ with each other.
Thermal equilibrium
When a gas is heated, what is the effect on the speed of the gas particles?
The gas particles move faster
Using PV = nRT, if P = 2.00 atm, V = 4.00 L, n = 1.00 mol, and R = 0.0821, find T in Kelvin.
97.4 K
Dalton's Law states that total pressure equals the sum of these.
Partial pressures
This thermodynamics law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
First Law
When a battery powers a flashlight, chemical energy is converted to light energy, illustrating this law.
1st Law
What happens to pressure in a fixed volume container if the number of particles is increased?
Pressure increases
If T = 300 K, n = 2.00 mol, V = 10.0 L, and R = 0.0821, find P in atm.
4.93 atm
If gas A has a partial pressure of 2.00 atm and gas B has 3.00 atm, the total pressure is this.
5.00 atm
When temperature increases while volume stays constant, this also increases.
Pressure
A puddle evaporates. Which law does this represent?
2nd Law
Gas Particles move in this type of motion.
Random/ straight lines?
A gas at P = 1.50 atm, T = 273 K, and V = 5.00 L has this many moles (R = 0.0821).
0.335 mol
In a mixture with total pressure of 8.00 atm, if O₂ = 3.00 atm and N₂ = 4.00 atm, find the partial pressure of CO₂.
1.00 atm
Using PV = nRT, if P = 1.00 atm, V = 24.6 L, T = 300 K, and R = 0.0821, find n.
1.00 mol
At absolute zero temperature (0 Kelvin), all molecular motion stops according to this law.
3rd Law
When you decrease the volume of a container, particles collide with walls more frequently, increasing this.
Pressure increases.
If P = 3.00 atm, n = 0.500 mol, T = 400 K, and R = 0.0821, find V in liters.
5.47 L
A container has He at 1.50 atm, Ne at 2.50 atm, and Ar at 1.00 atm. This is the total pressure.
5.00 atm
In a gas mixture at 6.00 atm total pressure, if H₂ contributes 2.00 atm, the remaining gases contribute this much.
4.00 atm
A cup of coffee and a cup of ice are both left on the counter. The next day they are the same temperature. Which law of thermodynamics does this scenario represent?
Zeroth Law
Gases are mostly this, with very little actual matter.
Empty Space
A 2.00 mol sample of gas at 2.50 atm and 350 K occupies this volume in liters (R = 0.0821).
23.0 L
If total pressure is 10.0 atm and three gases each contribute equally, each partial pressure is this.
3.33 atm
As volume decreases, pressure increases due to the increased number of particle ___________ against the container wall.
collisions