Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Relative Dating
Absolute Dating
Geologic Time
100
These types of wave travels through the Earth and can only travel through solids.
What are s-waves?
100
This type of volcano has steep sloping sides and is characterized by periods of inactivity and followed by catastrophic explosions and produces small volcanic bombs.
What is a cinder cone volcano?
100
This law states that when observing undisturbed rock strata, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top.
What is the Law of Superposition?
100
This type of dating uses radioactive decay rates to determine the actual age of rocks and fossils.
What is absolute dating (radiometric dating)?
100
We are currently living in this Era.
What is the Cenozoic Era?
200
These types of waves travel through the Earth and can travel through all phases of matter.
What are p-waves?
200
This type of volcano has gradual sloping sides and is characterized by gently lava flows.
What is a shield volcano?
200
These cracks in rock strata are younger than the layers that they have cracked.
What are faults?
200
This is the time it takes for half of the radioactive particles in a substance to decay (not be radioactive anymore).
What is half-life?
200
This Era is the Era of the dinosaurs.
What is the Mesozoic Era?
300
These types of waves transfer energy by causing particles to move closer together and farther apart (compression and expansion).
What are p-waves?
300
This type of volcano is characterized by a mixture of periods where it produces gently lava flows followed by periods of catastrophic eruptions.
What is a composite volcano?
300
These igneous rocks that formed by magma melting through rock strata are younger than the layers that they have crossed through.
What are intrusions?
300
If the half-life for a substance is 30 hours, this much time will have passed after 5 half-lives.
What is 150 hours?
300
This percent of all dinosaurs went extinct during the Permian Mass Extinction event.
What is 0%
400
These types of seismic waves travel along Earth's surface in a ripple-type motion.
What are L-waves?
400
Mount Vesuvius is an example of this type of volcano.
What is a composite volcano?
400
Layer C is igneous.
Layer D is metamorphic.
All other layers are sedimentary.
This layer is oldest in the diagram because...
What is layer D?
It is metamorphic rock. That rock had to already exist before layer C could change it into metamorphic rock.
400
The half-life for this substance is nearly this amount of time.
What is 2 days?
400
Coal swamp forests, cockroaches, and winged insects are characteristic of this geologic time period.
What is the carboniferous period?
500
This is the location on the surface of Earth that is directly above the focus on an earthquake.
What is the epicenter?
500
When looking at tectonic plate boundaries, a high number of volcanoes occurs at the "Ring of Fire" that surrounds the Western side of the Pacific. This is most-likely due to the Pacific plate creating this special type of convergent boundary.
What is a subduction zone?
500
Between intrusions H and D, this one is the younger of the two because...
What is intrusion H?
Intrusion H has melted through intrusion D which means D had to have already been there making it older than H.
500
The radioactive sample graphed here began with 120g of radioactive atoms.
Based on the half-life of this element, this many grams of the sample will still be radioactive after 3 half-lives.
What is 15 grams?
500
These 3 pieces of evidence point to an asteroid impact being the culprit of the K-T Mass Extinction event.
What are:
1. A layer of iridium between Cretaceous and Tertiary rock layers?
2. Evidence of many volcanic eruptions at the end of the Cretaceous period?
3. Large impact crater off of the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula?