Unit 1: Gilded Age

Entrepreneurs & Innovators

1

Which invention did Alexander Graham Bell developed that made long-distance communication much easier?

Telephone

1

John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company was considered a ___ for controlling 90% of the oil industry.

Monopoly

1

Some considered Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller "Captains of Industry" for helping build the modern American economy, but others referred to them as ____ for paying workers low wages.

Robber Barons.

1

Andrew Carnegie believed in this concept, which called on the wealthy to donate money on behalf of the public good.

Philanthropy

1

Before *this* innovative practice was invented, it took steel company a whole day to produce 5 tons of steel. After the introduction of this practice, it only took 15 minutes.

Bessemer Process

Big Business & Labor

1

Labor unions would organize this form of protest in which members would stop working until they received better working conditions.

Strike

1

The government often sided with businesses over unions in the labor debate because they supported this type of "hands-off" economic policy.

Laissez-faire

1

What reforms did the Knights of Labor demand from businesses?

1. 8-hour work day.

2. Increased pay.

3. Safer working conditions

1

Business leaders used this theory, meaning "survival of the fittest," to justify their ruthless and unfair practices.

Social Darwinism

1

Although the Knights of Labor supported equal pay for women and wanted to abolish child labor, they excluded these people from joining their union, fearing that they would be competition for jobs.

Immigrants

Immigration

1

Immigrants often moved into small, one-room, multi-family apartments known as--

Tenements

1

When moving into the city, these often provided immigrants with jobs and places to live in exchange for votes.

Political machines

1

This term was used to describe those who viewed immigrants as inferior to American-born residents?

Nativism

1

Most immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe practiced one of these 2 religions, which led to discrimination from Protestants.

Catholicism and Judaism

1

Signed in 1882, this bill restricted immigration from China for several decades.

The Chinese Exclusion Act

Native Americans & The West

1

Natives Americans often relied on this animal in their daily life.

Buffalo

1

More people began to travel out West thanks to the establishment of this, which connected the East Coast to the West Coast.

Transcontinental Railroad

1

In 1896, thousands of Americans headed to the Klondike River near Alaska in search for this precious metal.

Gold

1

This bill, signed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862, granted 160 acres of free land to settlers in order to encourage Westward expansion.

Homestead Act

1

*This law* led to many Native American children getting sent off to Indian boarding schools in order to change their customs, the way they dressed, and the language they spoke, otherwise known as Americanization

The Dawes Act

Urbanization/Corrpution

1

Urbanization occurs when people shift from ___ areas to urban areas.

Rural

1

Large amounts of people moving into the cities as once led to this major problem.

Overcrowding

1

The first settlement house, which provided services for newly arrived immigrants, was opened in Chicago by this woman.

Jane Addams

1

This man led the the corrupt Tammany Hall political machine in New York.

Boss Tweed

1

Due to increased urbanization, these 3 cities had populations over 1 million by 1900.

New York, Chicago, Philadelphia