Unit 1: Greek City-States (Honors WH)

Geography

100

This peninsula forms the southern portion of mainland Greece.

Peloponnese

200

These three bodies of water surrounded and connected the Greek world: one to the east, one to the west, and one to the south.

Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea

300

Because Greece was primarily mountainous, communities were separated from one another; this political unit developed as a result.

City-State or Polis

400

The presence of numerous islands and accessible seas encouraged this economic activity, allowing Greek communities to exchange olive oil, pottery, and wine for grain, spices, and precious metals.

Sea Trade

500

Greece’s mountains and fragmented geography contributed to political independence among city-states rather than the development of one centralized kingdom. This means the Greek city-states were not...

Unified/United

Comparing Athens and Sparta

100

This Athenian form of government allowed eligible male citizens to vote directly on laws.

Direct Democracy

200

This Spartan labor class consisted of conquered people forced to work the land and support the Spartan economy.

Helots

300

Sea trade allowed this city-state to become to become wealthy compared to its neighbors

Athens

400

Although both societies were patriarchal, Spartan women generally had more legal and economic independence such as this...

Property inheritance

500

While officially a democracy, Athens was not truly democratic for (2 reasons)

Women could not vote, voting rights weren't extended to all males, had slavery.

Persian Wars

100

This empire invaded Greece in response to revolts amongst its people

Persia

200

These 2 city-states led the Greek resistance against Persia

Athens and Sparta

300

This revolt, supported by Athens threatened the Persians and led to their invasion of Greece

Ionian Revolt

400

The alliance of Greek city-states aligned with Athens

Delian League

500

Describe the impact of the leader Pericles on Athens after the Persian Wars

Democracy expanded, arts and philosophy flourished, Athens became the cultural center of Greece, became wealthy. 

Peloponnesian Wars

100

27-year conflict between Athens and Sparta and their allies

Peloponnesian War

200

This city-state defeated Athens and captured the city at the end of the Peloponnesian War.

Sparta

300

Alliance led by Sparta during the Peloponnesian War

Peloponnesian League

400

This effect was the root cause of the collapse of Greece, leading to other effects such as labor shortages, disrupted trade, and the decline of democracy

Constant Warfare

500

This city-state challenged the Spartans, leading to another war after the Peloponnesian Wars

Thebes

Collapse of Greece

100

This leader conquered Greece and eventually took over parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Alexander the Great

200

One of the largest empires in history, which conquered Greece and portions of Asia, Europe, and North Africa after the Peloponnesian Wars

Macedonian Empire

300

This Theban victory in 371 BCE ended Sparta’s period of dominance and demonstrated the shifting balance of power among Greek city-states.

Leuctra

400

After the conquest of the Macedonians, Macedon and its Greek territories were conquered by...

Rome

500

These environmental stressors contributed to the decline of Greece

Droughts and poor harvests