Indigenous Experiences & Legacy
What were the Numbered Treaties?
What is a lasting issue with the Numbered Treaties today?
Agreements between First Nations and the Canadian government
Different interpretations between First Nations and the government
What is a colony?
A territory controlled by another country
What is industrialization?
Machine-based mass production
What is Eurocentrism?
Belief that European culture is superior
How do you interpret a graph?
1. Read the title (what is it about?) and any subtext or legend
2. Check the axes (x-axis and y-axis labels)
3. Look at the data (trends: increases, decreases, patterns)
4. Compare values (highest, lowest, differences)
5. Draw a conclusion (what does it show overall?)
State 2 lasting effects of European contact on First Nations.
Suicide, unemployment, loss of identity (language)
What was Britain’s “jewel” colony? Why was it given this name?
India
Most valuable colony—rich resources, large population, and major source of wealth and trade
In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain
What was the “White Man’s Burden”?
Belief Europeans had a duty to “civilize” others
How do you interpret a political cartoon?
IVDT
Interpret:
Explicit Message states what you see.
Implicit Message explains the meaning of the cartoon
Values:
-type of globalization the source would support/reject
-Connect to an aspect of class that the author would also accept or reject (concept or a case study) and explain why
Devices:
-help explain the implied message
-symbolism, irony ...
Thinkers:
-Relate the source to a specific person or mindset. Who would agree with the cartoon or disagree with the cartoon? Thinkers should match the perspective in the source.
General: Hyperglobalist, Antiglobalist, Globalist
Geographic: Europeans, Western Countries, Asia, Canada, etc.
Politicians..
Who were the Beothuk and what happened to them?
Indigenous people of Newfoundland; driven to extinction by disease, starvation, and displacement
Who controlled the Congo Free State? Why?
King Leopold II
To exploit its natural resources (especially rubber and ivory) for personal wealth and profit
What caused people to move to cities?
Enclosure movement (fencing off common land in England for private use, forcing many farmers off the land)
and factory jobs
Who benefits the MOST from conflict minerals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?
Foreign companies and armed groups
What was the European rush to claim and divide a certain continent in the late 1800s called, and which TWO countries controlled the most territory?
Scramble for Africa — France (most land) & Britain (most colonies)
What was the Indian Act?
Controlled status, land, and governance of First Nations; aimed at assimilation and restricted cultural practices
What was the main goal of mercantilism?
To increase a nation’s wealth and power
Give 2 positive and 2 negative effects of industrialization.
Positive effects:
-More jobs and economic growth
-Faster production and cheaper goods
Negative effects:
-Poor working conditions and long hours
-Pollution and environmental damage
Who wrote “White Man’s Burden”?
Rudyard Kipling
What are FOUR things you should avoid when writing your WRA I?
1. Don’t use “I” you are NOT giving your opinion
2. Don’t name-drop years or people if you can’t back it up with evidence and connect it to the source
3. Don’t forget to include VALUES (values and perspectives of globalization embraced or rejected in the source)
4. Don’t just summarize—ANALYZE the sources (the whole point of this assignment is analysis and interpretation)
Analyze the source: identify explicit, implicit message, values, and thinkers
Who called the Berlin Conference and why?
Otto von Bismarck (German chancellor); to divide Africa among European powers
What were the pros and cons of British imperialism in India?
Pros of British imperialism in India:
-Built railways and infrastructure
-Introduced Western education and legal systems
-Improved communication (telegraph, postal system)
Cons:
-Exploited resources and wealth
-Harmed local industries (like textiles)
-Caused famine and poverty
-Limited self-rule and cultural suppression
Which person would MOST likely agree with this statement?
“Globalization creates more wealth and connects people across the world, making life better for everyone.”
A) A factory owner
B) A Congolese survivor
C) An Indigenous community member
D) A factory worker
A) A factory owner in an industrialized country
Factory owners gain profits, resources, and bigger markets
Others face exploitation, land loss, or poor conditions, so see it less positively
Who ruled the Congo after independence, and how did the country’s trajectory change (or not) after colonialism?
Ruler: Mobutu Sese Seko
Trajectory: Largely did not improve—continued corruption, inequality, and exploitation similar to colonial patterns