Definitons
organic chemistry definition
What is the study of Carbon?
Functions (2)
Energy storage, structure in plants (cellulose)
Functions (2)
Long-term energy storage
structure (body fat)
Functions (7)
enzymes, defense, communication, movement, transport, structure, storage
hydrolysis definition
Puts OH and H (water) back into a bond with oxygen to break it
hydroxyl function and structure
What is alcohol and OH-?
monosaccharides: names, hexose or pentose, formula
glucose: hexose
galactose: hexose
fructose: pentose
ribose: pentose
C6 H12 O6
monomers: names
glycerol
fatty acid
Amino acids ALL have: (structure)
1 amine, one carboxyl, one R group
dehydration synthesis definition
Water (OH and H) is removed to form a covalent bond between 2 OH
carbonyl function and structure
What is Ketone or aldehyde and C=O?
disaccharides: names, monosaccharide makeup, formula
maltose: glucose+glucose
sucrose: glucose+fructose
lactose: glucose+galactose
C12 H22 O11
polymers: names
triglycerides
phospholipids
sterol
polymers are called (between amino acids)
polypeptides
Carbohydrates definition and ratio of atoms
Large organic molecules that always contain C H and O in a set ratio of C(H2O)
Carboxyl function and structure
=O
What is acid and C
-OH
polysaccharides: names, functions
amylose (starch): energy storage
cellulose: cell wall
glycogen: energy storage
chitin: structure (fungi), exoskeleton (arthropods)
unsaturated, saturated
saturated has a double bond, missing H, liquid at room temp
In the secondary level of structure, amino acid chains can fold into either a(n) ____ or a(n) ____.
alpha helix, beta pleated sheet
Why is water polar?
The oxygen pulls the electrons off of the hydrogen that it's bonded to, so that the electrons spend more time on the oxygen side of the molecule than the hydrogen side. This leads to the oxygen side having a negative charge while the hydrogen side has a positive charge. (Bonus points: this is what causes hydrogen bonds)
Amine function and structure
-H
What is amino/amine and C-N
-H
The structure of amylose (starch) is weaker than the structure of cellulose even though they are both made from glucose is because:
half of the glucose monomers in cellulose are flipped upside-down.
phospholipids are amphipathic, what does that mean?
(use parts of the molecule)
The head is polar, the tails aren't
The quarternary level of structure consists of (definition? and example)
multiple polypeptides linked together to make a larger functional protein, ex. hemoglobin