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This man was the captain of the famous HMS Endurance
Who is Earnest Shackleton?
This is why the Vikings were not able to set up permanent residency in Canada and northern North America
What is 'because they did not have the skills needed to settle down as a society (agriculture, law, knowledge of the land, etc) they essentially starved to death?'
This is the name of the first satellite dedicated solely to ocean studies
This term describes any vessel that descends for a prolonged period of time to take measurements or gather data
What is a submersible?
These are spherical steel vessels that are lowered into the water using a cable
What are bathyspheres?
This person piloted the first solo trip to the Mariana Trench
Who is James Cameron?
These are three examples of 'celestial cues' used for early voyaging
What are the stars/constellations, moon, and the sun?
This person has been to the Mariana Trench 14 separate times
Who is Victor Vescovo?
This was the first woman to visit the Mariana Trench
Who is Kathryn Sullivan (2020)?
This person was the last librarian at Alexandria and was the first noted female scientist, astronomer, and philosopher
Who was Hypatia?
Alexander the Great had conquered _____________ by he age of 16 and [insert any strange/random fact we learned about this person]
What is 'Macedonia' and 1) named over 70 cities after himself, 2) tried to deify his best friend after his death, 3) tutored by Aristotle, 4) died 'mysteriously' at a young age?
These are two of the three major advantages of Viking ships
What is 1) lightweight/easy to sail into shallow waters and 2) very fast, 3) could carry many soldiers?
These vessels extract samples of ocean sediment and rock for this purpose
What are 1) drilling ships and 2) to reconstruct climate conditions on earth over the few millions of years?
This sailor was killed in 1521 in the Philippines after involving himself in a local dispute between two warring tribes
Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
This civilization likley originated from the Solomon Islands developed the earliest techniques for voyaging and began sailing 20,000+ years ago, before recorded history
Who are the Polynesians/Pacific Islanders?
This is the definition of an isthmus
What is a narrow strip of land 1) with sea/ocean on either side, 2) that forms a connection between two larger land masses, and 3) separates two large bodies of water?
This man will go down in history as one of the world's first recorded catfish
Who is Benjamin Franklin?
Briefly explain the major purposes for using echo-sounding versus side-scan sonar techniques
What are 1) echo-sounding is good for low-resolution maps of the ocean floor and getting info about the topography of the seafloor, 2) side-scan sonar is good for high-res data of the ocean floor and allows for the discovery of shipwrecks and other smaller, more detailed features of the seafloor?'
This voyager was known for a lunar extortion event
Who is Christopher Colombus?
Put the following people/civilizations/explorers in chronological order (least recent to most recent): Darwin, Holland, Phoenicians, Aristotle
What is 1) Phoenicians, 2) Aristotle, 3) Darwin, 4) Holland?
In your own words, briefly explain the voyage of the HMS Endurance
What is 'a 2.5-year voyage with the original goal of crossing the South Pole on foot; they shipwrecked in pack ice, had to abandon the vessel, camped on ice, and made several long journeys to various southern islands until eventual rescue; no human lives lost?'
Explain the pros and cons of submersibles versus ROVs for oceanic research
What is 'submersibles are beneficial because they allow experts to directly observe underwater phenomena; the con is that they are extremely risky to human life. ROVs are beneficial because they do not risk any human life but can be problematic due to limited depth capabilities, indirect observation, and being lost in the open ocean?'
In your own words, explain what fixed- and floating platforms are for
What is 'data collection stations that are tethered to the ocean floor or free-floating; they are for collecting data incrementally over long periods of time; often found in areas that are hard for humans to traverse?'
List the vessels that carried 1) Darwin, 2) Shackleton, and 3) Cook
What are 1) HMS Beagle, 2) HMS Endurance, 3) HMS Endeavor?