Animal Basics
What is the term for a true body cavity?
Coelom
What is the jelly-like substance that lies between the exo and endoderm of cnidarians and ctenophores?
Mesoglea
What is the name of the organ on a rotifer that aids in locomotion and guiding food into the mouth?
Corona
How do you get infected with: blood flukes? tapeworms?
blood fluke: wading in water as the larvae penetrate the skin
tapeworms: eating undercooked meat (pork/beef)
What is the name of the traditional hypothesis stating that animals are descended from an ancestor resembling a hollow spherical colony of flagellated cells?
Colonial Flagellate Hypothesis
Lophophore: feeding apparatus
Trochophore: free-swimming larval stage
What are the paddle-like appendages seen on polychaetes but not oligochaetes?
Parapodia
What two phyla are Ecdysozoans? What is the main characteristic of Ecdysozoans?
Nematoda and Arthropoda, shedding or molting of the exoskeleton
List and define/explain the three types of symmetry seen across the animal kingdom.
Asymmetry- no symmetry (sponges)
Radial- identical halves (Jellyfish)
Bilateral- Left and right halves (Crayfish)
What is found on the tentacles of ctenophores? How to ctenophores move? What unique trait do some ctenophores possess?
Ctenophores: sticky colloblasts, cilia, bioluminescence
Cephalopods. What kind of eyes do they have? Which is the only with an external shell? What type of circulatory system do they have?
Camera, nautiluses, closed
Explain the differences between centipedes and millipedes
fast vs slow, predators vs decomposers, one pair of legs vs two pairs of legs per segment
Explain protostomes and deuterostomes. Include the cleavage and blastula for each and provide a phylum example of each
proto-first opening is mouth- most invertebrate phyla
deutero- first opening is anus- echinoderms/ chordates
Explain phylum Bryozoa and provide an example of a bryozoan-like species.
bryozoans: specialized colonial zooids that act as a single organism (man-of-war)
What is the three-part body plan of Phylum Molluska? Define all three parts
Visceral Mass- internal organs
Mantle- gills/lungs
Foot- muscle for movement and attachment
Sponges. Explain how they feed, mobility, symmetry, and reproduction
Cnidarians. Explain their tentacles, nervous system, body forms, and provide examples.
stinging tentacles with cnidocytes and nematocysts, nerve net, polyp and medusa, jellyfish/coral/hydra/sea anemones
What are the three classes within Phylum Mollusca? What are the three classes within Phylum Annelida? provide one example from each.
Bivalves: clams
Gastropods: snails
Cephalopods: Octopuses
Oligochaete: earthworms
Polychaete: sea worm
Hirudinea: leeches
List and define the five key characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda
1. rigid chitinous exoskeleton
2. segmented bodies/jointed limbs
3. nervous system
4. respiratory organ variations
5. metamorphosis