Protist Questions
More Protist Questions
Ch. 24
"The Origin of Species"
"The Origin of Species"
Ch. 26
"Phylogeny"
"Phylogeny"
Random
100
Animals are most closely related to which Protist group?
Animals
100
Name one of the groups of Protista that you found most interesting and why?
~
100
Name some prezygotic barriers.
- Habitat isolation
- Temporal isolation
- Behavioral isolation
-Mechanical isolation
- Gametic isolation
100
What is binomial nomenclature?
2 part name: Genus species
100
What is commensalism?
(+/0 interaction). One species benefits the other is neither harmed nor helped.
200
What are the different supergroups of Protists?
Excavata, "SAR" clade (Starmenophiles, Alveolates, Rhizarians), Archeaplastida, Unikonta
200
Name some characteristics of Protists.
They are eukaryotes, most are unicellular, are nutritionally diverse (photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, mixotrophs).
200
What is polyploidy?
cell division error leading to different number of chromosomes.
200
What is a shared derived characteristic?
Characteristic unique to a particular clade.
200
What is the Cambrian explosion?
The Cambrian Explosion refers to a dramatic burst of evolutionary diversification that occurred around 541 million years ago,.
300
What are the 3 structural parts of an Algae?
holdfast, stipe, and blade
300
Which group has glass-like walls, and is considered a carbon sink?
Diatoms
300
Allopatric speciation vs. Sympatric speciation
Allopatric speciation: Gene flow is interrupted or reduced when a population is divided into geographically isolated sub populations
Sympatric speciation: When speciation occurs in populations that live in the same geographic area
300
Give an example of a homologous structure.
The human arm, bat wing, whale flipper, and cat leg all have the same bone arrangement (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges) but serve different functions like grasping, flying, swimming, and walking.
300
What are F plasmids and what are they used in?
F plasmids are the cells used in conjugation that transfer DNA.
400
How do algae blooms happen?
When excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus enter these waters, they can trigger algal blooms that disrupt ecological balance and reduce oxygen levels through decomposition. (Diatoms and Dinoflagellates can exhibit this)
400
What does Plasmodium, Giardia, and Trypanosoma have in common?
They are all parasites.
Giardia (Diplomonads)
Trypanosoma (Euglenozoans)
Plasmodium (Apicomplexans)
400
What is the Biological Species Concept?
The Biological Species Concept defines a species as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring in nature, but are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
400
Discuss horizontal gene transfer and how this has reshaped our view of the “tree of life
Horizontal gene transfer—the movement of genetic material between unrelated organisms—has reshaped our view of the “tree of life” by revealing a web-like pattern of evolution, where genes cross traditional lineage boundaries and blur the concept of a single, branching ancestry
400
What is symbiosis?
It is an ecological relationship in which two species live in close contact. Include Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.
500
Name three modes of locomotion in Protists.
Flagella:Long, whip-like structures that rotate or undulate to propel the organism. (Euglena)
Cilia: Short, hair-like projections that beat rhythmically in coordinated waves. (Paramecium)
Pseudopodia: Temporary, flowing extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. (Amoeba)
500
Discuss the process of endosymbiosis and how it has contributed to the evolution and diversity of eukaryotes
Endosymbiosis is the evolutionary process by which eukaryotic cells incorporated prokaryotes like mitochondria and chloroplasts, leading to increased cellular complexity and diversification of life.
500
What factors can lead to reinforcement, fusion, and stability in a hybrid zone?
Reinforcement (strengthening of reproductive barriers): Why hybrids are less fit than the parent species
Fusion (weakening of reproductive barriers): If hybrids are as fit as parents
Stability (continued formation of hybrid individuals): When hybrids have reduced or intermediate fitness
500
A fossil contains 1/8 of its original parent isotope. If the half-life of the radioisotope is 5,000 years, approximately how old is the fossil?
1/8=(1/2)^n
2^3=8 --> (1/2)^3=1/8
n=3 --> 5,000X3= 15,000
500
Describe the Alternation of Generations in algae.
Life cycle that alternates between multicellular haploid (gametophyte) generation, and multicellular diploid (sporophyte) generation.