1.1 – Heredity & Environment
Fill in the blanks
Nature: _________
Nurture: _________
Nature: Genetics
Nurture: Environment
Fill in the blanks
Afferent: _________
Efferent: _________
Afferent: Sensory
Efferent: Motor
These provide support, nutrition, and waste removal for neurons
Glia or Glial cells
Neurotransmitter that enables muscle movement, learning, and memory
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Part of the brainstem that regulates heartbeat and breathing
Medulla
The idea that traits that help you survive are more likely to be passed on
Natural selection
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
Neurotransmitter that decreases neural activity in the brain
GABA
Neurotransmitter that blocks the perception of pain and increases feelings of pleasure
Endorphins
Area of the brain responsible for balance/coordination and procedural memory
Cerebellum
Fill in the blanks
Identical: _________
Fraternal: _________
Identical: Monozygotic
Fraternal: Dizygotic
Name the three types of neurons
Sensory, motor, interneuron
A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon, causing the release of neurotransmitters
Action potential
Nicotine, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, and ecstasy are what kind of psychoactive drug?
Stimulants
Name all the structures in the limbic system
hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary gland
What is the name of the study of how our environment can influence our genetic expression without any mutations in our DNA?
Epigenetics
Name the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system
Somatic and autonomic
The process of reabsorbing neurotransmitters from the synapse
Reuptake
Alcohol, barbiturates, and opioids are what kind of psychoactive drugs?
Depressants
Damage to the brain that causes issues with understanding and producing language
Aphasia
What is the name for the idea that proposes selective breeding in humans to “improve” a populations genetic makeup?
Eugenics
Name all the divisions of the nervous system
Peripheral (autonomic, sympathetic, parasympathetic, somatic) and Central
A disease where the myelin sheath breaks down at an increased rate, causing a person to lose control of muscles and slow reaction time, including cognition
Multiple Sclerosis
Fill in the blank
_______: Increase action of neurotransmitter
_______: Decrease action of neurotransmitter
Agonist: Increase action of neurotransmitter
Antagonist: Decrease action of neurotransmitter
Name all the cortexes on the brain (hint: there are 7)