What is matter?
All matter is made up of extremely small particles called:
atoms
The three basic states of matter are:
solids, liquids, and gases
True or false: A physical property tells you the types of permanent changes that matter can undergo.
False! Physical properties are used to observe and describe characteristics of matter that are typically reversible.
If I fry an egg, is that a physical or chemical change?
Chemical change
MYSTERY ROLL!
Density is a ____________ property.
physical
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How many known elements are there?
118 elements
DOUBLE POINTS!
I noticed there is frost on the window, but it did not rain or snow. What phase change occurred?
Deposition
MYSTERY ROLL!
Name 3 physical properties that we've learned in class.
Answers could include density, solubility, volume, boiling point, melting point, freezing point, size, shape, 5 senses, etc.
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When you melt a piece of metal, is that a physical or chemical change?
Physical change
All atoms of the same ____________ have the same properties.
element
All matter has ________ and __________.
mass and volume
STEAL!
When heat is subtracted from a liquid substance, what happens?
The atoms slow down and get close together, turning it into a solid.
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Name 3 chemical properties we've learned in class.
Answers could include flammability, oxidation, toxicity, sensitivity to light, reactivity to water, rusting, etc.
STEAL!
Why is rusting a chemical change?
When iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of moisture, it forms a new substance called iron oxide (rust).
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True or false: All substances melt at the same temperature?
False! Different substance have different melting, boiling, and freezing points.
DOUBLE POINTS!
What are the 3 subparticles of an atom, and what are their electrical charges?
Protons - positive
Electrons - negative
Neutrons - no charge
When a solid becomes a gas and does not go through a liquid phase, that is called ______________.
Define density (what makes something dense?)
Density is the relationship between the mass and volume of a substance. It's how many atoms there are in a given amount of space. Or how tightly packed.
The difference between a physical change and a chemical change is...
Physical changes are reversible, chemical changes are irreversible (the atomic structure has been changed, a new material is created!)
STEAL!
Atoms of a substance have the weakest forces of attraction in which basic state of matter?
Gases
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MYSTERY ROLL!
The theory of conservation of matter states "matter cannot be __________ or ____________".
Created or destroyed
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Most substances can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas depending on its _______________.
temperature
DOUBLE POINTS!
_____ is how much a substance can dissolve in another substance.
What is solubility?
On a hot summer day, you make a glass of refreshing sweet iced tea by combining boiling water, tea, sugar, and ice. What type of change occurs and how do you know?
Physical change - sugar dissolves in the tea and water, but the chemical composition remains unchanged. You can still recover the sugar by evaporating the water. (So remember, solubility is a physical property!)
Describe how a mercury thermometer records temperature changes (think about heat, atoms, expand, and contact).
When atoms are heated, they move more quickly, therefore expanding. This is how a mercury thermometer works. As the atoms in the thermometer heat up they expand and rise up the thermometer showing the temperature. When atoms are cooled, they move more slowly, therefore contracting. As the atoms in the thermometer cool down, they contract, and fall down the thermometer showing the temperature.