Renaissance Art
This city in Italy is often considered the cradle of the Renaissance and home to artists like Michelangelo and Botticelli.
Florence
This Italian scholar, often called the “Father of Humanism," so adored the classical authors that he wrote letters to them posthumously
Petrarch
This royal couple united Spain through marriage in 1469.
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile
This leader held supreme authority over Western Christendom.
The Pope
This technological innovation was crucial for the success of the Protestant Reformation
Printing Press
This technique allowed artists to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface, an important distinction from prior painting techiniques.
Humanism focused on the study of these subjects, known collectively as the “studia humanitatis.” (at least 4)
Grammar
Rhetoric
Poetry
Philosophy
History
Prior to the 15th century political consolidation of power, this group often served as the biggest threat to the power of monarchs.
This epidemic wiped out a third of Europe’s population in the mid-14th century.
The Black Death / Bubonic Plague
The specific Church practice was the trigger for Martin Luther's 95 theses
Indulgences
This Renaissance technological innovation in printmaking helped spread ideas and art styles across Europe.
The Printing Press / Printing
Renaissance author living in Florence who argued rulers should emphasizing pragmatism over morality.
Niccolo Machiavelli
One of the most important tools of New Monarchs, this provided steady revenue without noble approval.
Permanent / standardized taxation
This decentralized political system was based on landholding, vassalage, and oaths of loyalty.
Feudalism
This body took over for the adminstration of faith practices in protestant territories post reformation
State / Local Government
This wealthy family in Florence were the most famous patrons of Renaissance art.
The Medicis
Civic Humanism
Prior to the 15th century, nobles often provided this resource to the king / queen / monarch when requested to.
This event created weakened papal authority by creating rival popes in Rome and Avignon.
The Great Schism
List all 4 core tenets of Protestantism
Salvation by Faith Alone
Primacy of Scripture
Baptism and Communion are the only two sacraments
Priesthood of all believers
Northern Renaissance artists included this theme more frequently than their Italian counterparts.
Religion
Second possible answer: attention to detail
Seminal work by Renaissance author and scholar Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, often referred to as the Manifesto of the Renaissance
Oration on the Dignity of Man
New Monarchies often tried to control this aspect of daily life in order to unite their subjects under a common identity - often via the expulsion or persecution or minority groups.
Religion
This 14th–15th century conflict between England and France reshaped monarchies and military power.
The 100 Years War
He authored In Praise of Folly, and Julius at the Gates of Heaven, two satirical texts criticizing the ills of the Church
Erasmus