Physical Properties
What is a physical property?
A characteristic that can be observed without changing the substance's composition.
Define a chemical property.
A property that can only be observed when a substance undergoes a chemical change.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of an object due to its motion.
What is the boiling point of water?
100°C (212°F) at standard atmospheric pressure.
Name a physical property of matter.
Examples include color, boiling point, melting point, density, and state of matter.
What is a chemical change?
A change that results in the formation of new chemical substances.
Describe the arrangement of particles in solids.
Particles are closely packed in a fixed arrangement and vibrate in place.
How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?
Higher temperatures increase the average kinetic energy of the particles.
How does pressure affect boiling point?
Increasing pressure raises the boiling point, while decreasing pressure lowers it.
Identify a physical change.
Melting ice or boiling water.
Give an example of a chemical reaction.
Rust forming on iron or baking a cake.
How do particles in liquids behave?
Particles are close together but can move past one another, allowing liquids to flow.
Describe an experiment to measure energy transfer.
Heating water and measuring temperature changes over time.
Explain the significance of melting point.
It indicates the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid, which can help identify substances.
How does temperature affect physical properties?
Temperature can change the state of matter and affect properties like viscosity and density.
How can you tell if a chemical change has occurred?
Indicators include color change, gas production, temperature change, or the formation of a precipitate.
What is the molecular arrangement in gases?
Particles are far apart and move freely, filling the container they are in.
Explain the relationship between mass and energy.
More massive objects at the same speed have more kinetic energy.
What happens at the melting point?
Particles gain enough energy to break free from their fixed positions and move freely.
Explain the importance of density in identifying substances.
Density helps differentiate substances because it is a unique property of each substance at a given temperature and pressure.
Identify the signs of a chemical reaction.
Color change, gas bubbles, heat or light produced, and the formation of a precipitate.
Compare and contrast the states of matter.
Solids have fixed shape and volume, liquids have fixed volume but not shape, and gases have neither fixed shape nor volume.
What happens to kinetic energy during a state change?
Kinetic energy is absorbed or released as particles move closer together or further apart.
Describe the process of freezing in terms of energy.
During freezing, particles lose energy and slow down, allowing them to arrange into a solid structure.