Schools of Psychology
A perspective that examines the influence of genetics, brain structures, neurotransmitters, and the nervous system on behavior and mental processes.
What is Biological Psychology
This is the phase where you actively test your hypothesis by conducting a controlled procedure to gather data.
What is the experiment?
In an experiment, scientists must have a variable that is measured in an experiment; it is influenced or changed by the independent variable.
What is a dependent variable?
In a psychological experiment, this is the entire group of individuals or instances about which researchers want to draw conclusions. (Like all of the M&M's in existence)
What is a population?
An early school of psychology that emphasized the purpose of mental processes and behavior—how they help an individual adapt to their environment.
What is functionalism?
A perspective that explores how cultural, social, and environmental factors influence behavior and mental processes.
What is Sociocultural Psychology?
A testable prediction or statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
What is a hypothesis?
Scientists must have this variable that is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
What is the independent variable?
This is the term for the subset of a larger group selected in such a way that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen, ensuring representation. (Like a fun sized-pack of M&M's)
What is a random sample?
An early school of psychology focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components, using introspection to explore the structure of the human mind.
What is structuralism?
A perspective emphasizing human potential, self-actualization, free will, and the importance of personal growth.
At the beginning of the Scientific Method, a scientist must do this after making an observation.
What is asking a question?
Scientists seek to find these in their experiments; the measure of the relationship between two variable.
What are correlations?
Some psychological experiments are this type of observations in which subjects are examined in their usual environment.
What is a naturalistic observation?
A perspective founded by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing the role of unconscious conflicts, desires, and childhood experiences in shaping behavior and mental processes.
What is psychoanalysis?
A perspective that focuses on observable behaviors and the ways they are learned through reinforcement, punishment, and environmental stimuli.
What is Behavioral Psychology?
Name at least 5 steps of the Scientific Method.
What is observation, question, research, hypothesis, experiment, analyze, and conclusion?
This group in an experiment receives no treatment and serves as a baseline for data analysis.
What is the control group?
All psychological research methods must uphold the principles put forth in this document?
What is the APA Ethics Code?
This is the two components of a correlation that we describe.
What is slope (positive vs. negative) and strength (strong or weak)?
A fitting definition of psychology as a discipline.
What is the scientific study of behavior, the mind, and and mental processes, including thoughts, emotions, and actions, to understand and explain how individuals interact with their environment and others?
The Scientific Method may conclude with one of these: a well-supported explanation of a natural phenomenon that's been tested and confirmed through observation and replicated experimentation.
What is a Scientific Theory?
The goals of psychological research include describing, explaining, and predicting behavior or thinking. But there's also one more goal.
What is influencing?
Experiments can be one of these two types of studies depending on if the scientists knows who the experiemental group is.
What is a single-blind or a double-blind study?
What is the Milgram Experiment?