Development
What does nature versus nurture mean?
How hereditary and environment influence development
What does ADHD stand for?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
Occipital, Frontal, Temporal and Parietal
Name two processes that are involved in experience-dependent (adaptive) plasticity?
Rerouting and sprouting
What is the difference between IV and DV?
Independent Variable (IV): The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to test its effect.
Dependent Variable (DV): The variable that is measured by the researcher to see if it changes as a result of the IV.
What is the Biopsychosocial model?
A holistic, interdiciplinary framework for understanding the human experience in terms of the influence of biological, psychological and social factors
Describe the meaning of the terms Adaptive and Maladaptive
Adaptive being able to adjust to the environment appropriately and function effectively
Maladaptive being unable to adapt to the environment appropriately and function effectively
What are the structures of the hindbrain?
cerebellum
medulla
pons
Neuroplasticity occurs in response to 2 things. What are they?
1. in response to ageing and the learnings associated with maturation. This is known as developmental plasticity.
2. in response to a need to adapt, such as in response to brain trauma and injury. This is referred to as adaptive plasticity
What is the IV and DV in this scenario:
The amount of sleep participants get (e.g., 4 hours vs. 8 hours).
Memory performance (e.g., number of words recalled from a list).
IV = Amount of sleep
DV = Memory performance
Name and describe the two different types of attachemnt
Secure attachment: involves the needs of the infant being consistently met by their primary caregiver/s, allowing the infant to feel calmed by the presence of the caregiver when they feel distressed.
Insecure attachment: may involve the primary caregiver/s inconsistently meeting the infant’s needs or consistently ignoring their needs, commonly leading to infants not seeking comfort from the caregiver or being overly desperate for comfort from their caregiver when they experience distress
Name one of the types of criteria we can use when categorising behaviour
Social norms OR
Cultural perspectives OR
Malapative behaviours OR
Personal Distress OR
Statistical Rarity
Is a Positron emission tomography (PET) scan a functional or structural imaging technique?
functional
What the consquences of damage to the Parietal lobe?
Difficulty guessing distance
Difficulty creating a conclusion about a story
What is the difference between qualitiative and quantitative data?
Qualitiative data cannot be counted, measured or easily expressed using numbers
Quantitative date is numbers-based, countable, or measurable
What are the stages and age ranges of cognitive development as describe by Piaget?
0–2 years Sensorimotor
2–7 years Preoperational
7–12 years Concrete operational
12+ years Formal operational
- Not shaming others for their quirks
- Facilitating open conversations
- Normalising accessibility in society (e.g., sensory spaces, variety of work etc.)
What is the funtion of the Broca’s area and where canit be found?
Broca’s area is responsible for the production of speech
Broca’s area is only located in the left frontal lobe, meaning the function is localised to the left cerebral hemisphere
What are the 4 ways to maintain brain functioning?
Diet
Exercise
Mental Stimulation
Social Support
What is an Extraneous Variable?
Any variable that is not the independent variable but may cause an unwanted effect on the dependent variable
Name the 8 different stages and crisis in Erikson's theory of social development
Infant 0-1 years Trust vs. mistrust
Toddler 1–3 years Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
Pre-schooler 3–6 years Initiative vs. guilt
Primary schooler 6–12 years Industry vs. inferiority
Adolescent 12–19 years Identity vs. role confusion
Young adult 19–30 years Intimacy vs. isolation
Middle age 30–64 years Generativity vs. stagnation
Older adult 65+ years Integrity vs. despair
Alyse is a VCE student who is preparing for her psychology exam. However, she is struggling to study as she has dyslexia. She often reads ‘hippocampus’ as ‘hypothalamus’ and, as a result, answers any questions on the topic completely wrong.
Propose a strategy that Alyse can utilise to effectively manage her dyslexia while studying
Alyse can study for her Psychological exam using audio or video recordings, which may effectively manage her dyslexia as she does not have to read or write notes but rather listen to them instead.
A Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is damage to the brain caused by an external force, such as a blow or jolt to the head whereas Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive, degenerative brain disease linked to repeated TBIs or concussions. A boxer may develop CTE after experiencing multiple TBIs during their career.
What are three impacts of an aquired brain injury on social funtioning?
Job productivity
Social support
Antisocial behaviour
What are the three different ways of sampling? (Getting people into your study)
Convenience sampling
Random Sampling
Stratified sampling