Structure of an Atom
a) Where are protons located?
b) What charge do they have?
c) Where are neutrons located?
d) What charge do they have?
a) In the nucleus
b) Positive
c) In the nucleus
d) No charge
How is an ionic bond formed? You can use NaCl as your example.
Na transfers an electron to Cl so they both have full outer orbitals. Na ends up positive and Cl ends up negative so they form a bond by attraction.
What is reactivity?
The tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction
Where are radioactive atoms with large unstable nuclei found?
Bottom row
a) What happens to the mass of an atom as you go from left to right on the Periodic Table?
b) Why?
a) Mass increases
b) because you are adding protons and neutrons to the nucleus.
a) Where are electrons located?
b) What charge do the have?
a) in energy orbitals around the nucleus
b) negative
How is a covalent bond formed? You may use H2 for your example.
The two Hydrogen atoms share electrons to form a strong covalent bond.
What increases reactivity in metals?
Reactivity increases in metals when it is easier to remove electrons.
What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom to attract electrons.
a) What happens to the mass of an atom as you go down a group on the Periodic Table?
It increases
How many electrons can be in the:
a) first energy orbital?
b) second energy orbital?
c) third energy orbital?
a) 2
b) 8
c) 8
Why are atoms on the left side of the periodic table attracted to atoms on the right side (excluding Noble gasses)?
Atoms on the left tend to give away electrons and atoms on the right tend to take them.
a)What happens to reactivity as you move from left to right across the periodic table?
b) Why
a) Reactivity decreases
b) because valence orbitals get fuller so it is harder for other atoms to take electrons.
a) What role does size play in electronegativity?
b) Why?
a) Smaller atoms have more electronegativity
b) When valence electrons are closer to the nucleus there is a stronger pull and it is easier to attract other electrons
a) What happens to the atomic size of an atom as you go from left to right across a period of the periodic table?
b)Why?
a) The atomic size decreases
b) because as the valence orbital fills the attraction between protons and electrons increases and the electrons are pulled in
a) Where is the mass of an atom located?
b) What does the atomic mass tell you about an atom?
c) What does the atomic number tell you about an atom?
a) In the nucleus
b) The number of protons and neutrons added together
c) The number of protons and the number of electrons
Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15 and an atomic mass of 31.
a) How many electrons does it have?
b) List the orbitals and the number of electrons in each.
a) 15
b) First - 2
Second - 8
Third - 5
a)What happens to reactivity of metals as you move down a group in the periodic table?
b) Why
a) Reactivity increases
b) because as orbitals are added the electrons are farther away from the nucleus and are easier to steal
a)What happens to electronegativity as you move from left to right across the periodic table?
b) Why
a) Electronegativity increases
b) because the atomic size decreases.
a) What happens to the atomic size of an atom as you go down a group of the periodic table?
b)Why?
a) It increases
b) because more energy orbitals are added
Germnium has an atomic number of 32 and an atomic mass of 73. How many
a) protons does it have?
b) How many neutrons does it have?
c) How many electrons does it have?
a) 32
b) 41
c) 32
Label each of the following types of reactions.
a) AB yields A+B
b) A+B yields AB
c) AB+C yields AC+B
a) decomposition
b) synthesis
c) replacement
a) What happens to reactivity of non-metals as you move across a period from left to right in the periodic table?
b) What happens to reactivity of non-metals as you move down a group in the periodic table?
a) Reactivity increases
b) Reactivity decreases
a)What happens to electronegativity as you move down a group of the periodic table?
b) Why
a) it decreases
b) because size increases
a) Where are the most stable atoms found on the periodic table?
b) Where are they called?
a) On the far right side.
b) Noble gasses