Ecological Relationships 1
What is the the study of life?
Biology
What is the portion of Earth that supports all life?
Biosphere
These organisms consume other organisms to get food and energy
“Consumers”
Heterotrophs
Change that occurs in an ecosystem when one community replaces another as a result of natural processes
Ecological Succession
Variety of life in an area that is determined by the number of different species in that area
Increases by formation of new species
Decreases by loss of species (extinction)
Biodiversity
What is the branch of biology that studies the relationships among living organisms and their environment?
Ecology
These are the living factors in an organism's environment
Biotic Factors
These organisms make their own food
“Producers”
Autotrophs
What are the very first species called to arrive on an area of land?
Pioneer Species
This type of factor affects members of a population because of its density
Often biotic
Predation, disease, competition, and parasites
Density-Dependent Factor
These are the nonliving factors in an environment
(Example: temperature, air/water currents, sunlight, soil type, rainfall, or available nutrients)
Abiotic Factors
This symbiotic relationship is when both species benefit
(Example: Bees pollinating a flower)
Mutualism
When reading a food web or trophic levels, what is always the first trophic level?
Producers
Which type of succession takes place on bare rock with no life or soil? (Usually occurs after a volcano erupts)
Primary Succession
This type of factor limits the size of a population regardless of the size of the population (size does not matter!)
Weather events (drought, flooding, extreme heat/cold, tornadoes, hurricanes, fire, etc.)
Density-Independent Factor
What is it called when individual organisms of a single species that share the same geographic location at the same time?
Population
This symbiotic relationship is when one species benefits and the other is unaffected (neither helped or harmed)
(Example: Barnacles on a whale)
Commensalism
What are the four biogeochemical cycles?
Carbon
Water
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Which type of succession occurs when there is already preexisting soil? (Usually occurs after a forest fire)
Secondary Succession
_______________ is the number of organisms moving into a population
Immigration
What are the six levels of organization in order from smallest to largest?
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
This symbiotic relationship is where one species benefits and the other is harmed
(Example: A tick on a dog)
Parasitism
Heterotrophs are put into four different categories depending on what they eat. What are they?
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore
The last stage of ecological succession where the ecosystem becomes stable and builds back all of the plants and animals
Climax Community
When looking at the population growth rate (PGR), what two characteristics influence how fast or slow a population is growing?
Natality and Mortality