Genetic Instructions
What molecule contains the genetic instructions used by cells?
DNA
What process produces new body cells for growth and repair?
Mitosis
Genes are located on structures called
Chromosomes
Differences in traits among individuals of the same species are called genetic ____________.
What is the process in which organisms with helpful traits are more likely to survive?
Natural selection
What is a section of DNA that contains instructions for a protein?
A gene
Before a cell divides, what important molecule must be copied?
DNA
How many chromosomes are normally found in a human body cell?
46
True or False: All differences between individuals are caused only by their genes.
False
In a population of insects, some are green and some are brown. Birds can more easily see the green insects on brown tree bark. Which insects are more likely to survive?
Brown insects
Proteins are made from chains of what smaller molecules?
Amino acids
One parent cell undergoes mitosis. How many daughter cells are produced?
Two
How many chromosomes are found in a gamete?
23
Two siblings have the same biological parents but have different combinations of traits. Why aren't sibling genetically identical?
They can inherit different combinations of genetic information from their parents.
Why might a helpful trait become more common in a population over many generations?
Individuals with the trait may survive and reproduce more successfully, allowing the trait to be passed to more offspring
Put these in the correct order:
-Protein
-DNA
-Gene
-Cell Function
DNA-Gene-Protein-Cell Function
Why is mitosis important when you get a cut on your skin?
Mitosis produces new cells that replace damaged or lost cells.
Why does an offspring receive genetic information from both biological parents?
One set of chromosomes comes from each parent's gamete
A plant's height is influenced by its genes, but access to water and nutrients also affects how tall it grows. What does this demonstrate?
Traits can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
A drought causes plants with deeper roots to survive more often than plants with shallow roots. Over several generations, what would you predict happens to the frequency of the deep-root trait?
The deep-root trait would likely become more common in the population.
A change in a DNA sequence results in a protein folding into a different shape. Explain why this could affect the cell.
A protein's shape affects its function, so changing it's shape could change how the protein functions and therefore affect the cell's function.
A human begins as one fertilized egg but eventually develops muscle cells, nerve cells, skin cells, and many other cell types. What process allows cells to become specialized for different functions?
Cell differentiation
Explain the relationship among DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Chromosomes are made of DNA, and genes are specific sections of DNA located on chromosomes.
A population contains individuals with several different versions of a trait. Why can this variation be important to the population?
Different traits may provide advantages or disadvantages under different environmental conditions.
A trait helps an organism survive in its environment, but the trait is not inherited by its offspring. Will natural selection cause this trait to become more common in the population over generations? Explain why or why not.
No. For natural selection to make a trait more common over generations, the trait must be heritable so it can be passed from parents to offspring.