John Locke & Thomas Hobbes
How did they view HUMAN NATURE (1 point each)
Locke: People are peaceful, capable of reason and cooperation.
Hobbes: People are inherently selfish, fearful, and destructive.
How did they view HUMAN NATURE (1 point each)
ROUSSEAU- people are born inherently good but are corrupted by civilization and society.
VOLTAIRE-People are humans are flawed and superstitious but capable of progress through reason and education.
What is a Monarchy?
A system of government where a single person rules, usually inheriting the position by birth. King/Queen
What is a Presidential Democracy?
A democratic government where citizens separately elect both the legislators and the executive leader.
Which kind of economy is least common in the world today?
Traditional (ex: country only depends on itself for goods/products/businesses)
How did they view PURPOSE of government (1 point each)
Locke- To protect people's natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
Hobbes-To prevent total chaos, violence, and a short life by enforcing absolute security.
How did they view PURPOSE of government (1 point each)
ROUSSEAU-General will/FOR THE COMMON GOOD
VOLTAIRE-To prevent total chaos, violence, and a short life by enforcing a TRUSTED LEADER
What is Theocracy?
A government recognized as under immediate divine guidance or controlled by religious leaders. BASED ON RELIGION
What is a Direct Democracy?
A form of government where citizens vote directly on laws and policies themselves, rather than electing representatives.
In a command economy, who decides how much to produce?
Gov't
What is the IDEAL FORM of GOV'T? (1 point each)
Locke-representative DEMOCRACY
Hobbes-ABSOLUTE Monarchy
What is the IDEAL FORM of GOV'T? (1 point each)
Rousseau-DIRECT Democracy
Voltaire-ENLIGHTENED Monarchy
What is a Single-Party State?
A system where only one political party is legally allowed to exist and hold power, banning all opposition.
What is a Dictatorship?
A government controlled by a single leader or small group that holds absolute power, often seized and maintained by force.
In a market economy, who decides how much to produce?
What SOCIAL agreement do citizens and gov't have with each other? Can you rebel? (1 point each)
LOCKE- People keep their rights, creating a limited government to protect life, liberty, and property. If the government fails to protect natural rights, citizens can overthrow it.
HOBBES-People surrender all freedom to a powerful ruler in exchange for safety and order. Once the contract is made, the ruler's power must not be challenged.
What SOCIAL agreement do citizens and gov't have with each other? Can you rebel? (1 point each)
ROUSSEAU-Individuals surrender all rights to the community. True freedom is obeying laws you helped create, so you can also rebel when they do not protect you
VOLTAIRE-Did not write a formal social contract theory. Viewed society as a practical pact for mutual protection. PEOPLE SHOULD NEVER REBEL to prevent anarchy
Which gov't is the oldest form of government still in use today?
Monarchy
What is the difference between a Single-Party State and a Dictatorship?
Single-Only one main political party can exist and make rules for the country
Dictatorship-One leader/absolute power
Why would people defend a command economy? What is the main BENEFIT?
IT BENEFITS ALL-can fix uneven distribution of $
List ALL 4 of the DIFFERENCES between Locke & Hobbes
1. Good v. Evil
2. Protect liberty v. Prevent anarchy
3. Rep. Democracy v. Absolute Monarchy
4. Protect liberty & can rebel v Prevent chaos & cannot question ruler
List ALL 4 of the DIFFERENCES between Rousseau & Voltaire
1. Good/can be manipulated v. Flawed but need education
2. Common Good v. Trusted leader
3. Direct Democracy v. Enlightened Monarchy
4. Trade your rights for EVERYONE to be equal/can rebel v. Trust the king so you should not rebel
In a parliamentary democracy, who chooses the prime minister?
Elected gov't officials
What is the difference between a DIRECT, PRESIDENTIAL, and PARLIAMENTARY democracy?
Direct-all citizens vote on laws
Pres-Vote for lawmakers & president
Parliament-Vote for ONLY lawmakers (who then vote for Prime Minister)
Define Civics!
the study of how our government works at all levels & how we can affect it