Origins of Life
This experiment simulated conditions thought to exist on early Earth
Miller-Urey experiment
This rigid structure provides support and protection to plant cells
Cell Wall
During diffusion, particles move from an area of this concentration to this concentration.
high concentration to low concentration
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called this.
Osmosis
When first locating a specimen, you should normally begin with this type of objective lens.
low-power objective (4x)
Miller and Urey produced these carbon-based molecules, which are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino Acids
This jelly-like region contains many of the cell's enzymes and is the location of many chemical reactions
Cytoplasm
Oxygen can move directly through the membrane because it is small and has this chemical property.
An animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution will generally do this
Swell or Burst
Complete the equation: Magnification = image size (ruler amount) ÷ ________
actual size (written on image)
Lightning was simulated in the Miller-Urey experiment using this.
electrical sparks/electrical discharges
This long, whip-like structure can propel a cell through its environment
Flagella
These membrane proteins allow water to cross the membrane much more rapidly.
Aquaporins
The type of solution human tissues and organs should be placed into during surgery.
Isotonic
Complete the equation: Actual size = image size (ruler amount) ÷ ________
Magnification
DAILY DOUBLE:
This is why scientists believe RNA is more likely than DNA to be the first genetic material in early cells.
- can self replicate
- can catalyze reactions
- can store genetic information
This organelle synthesizes lipids and helps detoxify certain substances
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
This process moves substances into a cell by forming a vesicle around them.
endocytosis
A plant cell placed in a hypertonic solution. This is what happens to the potato cells.
They shrivel up and lose weight.
The amount you multiply by to convert mm to um.
1000 um/ 1 mm
Explain why the Miller-Urey experiment supports a possible explanation for the origin of life but does not prove how life began.
showed organic molecules could form naturally under simulated early-Earth conditions, but it did not produce living cells or prove those exact conditions existed
A toxin disables ribosomes attached to the rough ER. This cellular product would be most directly affected.
What are proteins that are secreted or inserted into cell membranes
This type of membrane transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy.
Active Transport
A cell has a solute concentration of 2% NaCl. It is placed in a 10% NaCl solute solution. Predict the direction water will move and identify the surrounding solution as hyper, hypo, or isotonic.
Water moves out of the cell, and the solution is hypertonic
A cell image measures 40 mm long. Its actual length is 0.04 mm. Calculate the magnification.
x1000